Revisions to the Nomenclature for Kansas Aquifers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17161/cres.v0i244.11815Abstract
The nomenclature for Kansas aquifers needs revision. Many of the names currently in use were derived in an ad hoc manner without the benefit of a consistent set of hydrogeologically based guidelines. Because nomenclature forms the basis of scientific discussion of hydrologic issues, names should be clearly defined and consistently applied in order to prevent erroneous or unintended hydrologic interpretations. The nomenclature revisions presented in this paper are based on the guidelines developed by the U.S. Geological Survey's Water Resources Division (Laney and Davidson, 1986). According to these guidelines, aquifer names should be based on lithologic, lithostratigraphic, or geographic names. The following new aquifer names are recognized in Kansas: glacial drift aquifer, Niobrara aquifer, Morrison-Dockum aquifer, Day Creek aquifer, Cedar Hills-upper Salt Plain aquifer, Wellington aquifer, Flint Hills aquifer, Osage Cuestas aquifer system, and Ozark Plateau aquifer system.
References
Aber, J. S., 1988, The glaciation of Kansas: Heritage of the Great Plains, v. 21, 36 p.
Aber, J. S., 1991, The glaciation of northeastern Kansas: Boreas, v. 20, p. 297-314.
Adams, G. I., 1903, Physiographic divisions of Kansas: Kansas Academy of Science Transactions v. 18, p. 109-123.
Baars, D. L., and Maples, C. G., 1998, Lexicon of Geologic Names of Kansas (through 1995)--A Compilation of the Geologic Names of Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 231, 271 p.
Bayne, C. K., 1975, General availability of ground water and normal annual precipitation in Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Map M-4A, 1 sheet, scale 1:500,000.
Bayne, C. K., Boellstorff, J. D., and Miller, B. B., 1976, Guidebook--24th Annual Meeting, Midwestern Friends of the Pleistocene (Meade County, Kansas): Kansas Geological Survey, Guidebook Series 1, 85 p. [available online]
Chaffee, P., 1988, Effects of water-well construction on temporal variability of ground-water quality in Lincolnville, Marion County, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 88-26, 171 p.
Darton, N. H., 1906, Geology and underground water resources of the Arkansas valley in eastern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 52, 90 p.
Denne, J. E., Miller, R. E., Hathaway, L. R., O'Connor, H. G., and Johnson, W. C., 1998, Hydrogeology and geochemistry of glacial deposits in northeastern Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 229, 127 p. [available online]
Doveton, J. H., and Chang, T., 1991, Latent facies mapping from binary geological data: Journal of Geology, v. 99, p. 299-309.
Fader, S., 1968, Ground water in the Republican River area, Cloud, Jewell, and Republic counties, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 188, 27 p. [available online]
Fader, S. W., and Stullken, L. E., 1978, Geohydrology of the Great Bend Prairie, south-central Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Irrigation Series 4, 19 p. [available online]
Fenneman, N. M., 1946, Physical subdivisions of the United States (Map): U.S. Geological Survey, 1:700,000, 1 sheet.
Fetter, C. W., 1994, Applied Hydrogeology, 3rd edition: New York, Macmillan College Publishing Co., 691 p.
Freeze, R. A., and Cherry, J. A., 1979, Ground Water: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hall Inc., 604 p.
Gogel, T., 1981, Discharge of saltwater from Permian rocks to major stream-aquifer systems in central Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Chemical Quality Series 9, 60 p. [available online]
Gutentag, E. D., and Weeks, J. B., 1980, Water table in the High Plains aquifer in 1978 in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey, Hydologic Investigations Atlas HA-642. [available online]
Gutentag, E. D., Lobmeyer, D. H., and Slagle, S. E., 1981, Geohydrology of southwestern Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Irrigation Series 7, 73 p. [available online]
Hamilton, V. J., 1994, Sequence stratigraphy of Cretaceous Albian and Cenomanian strata in Kansas; in, Perspectives on the Eastern Margin of the Cretaceous Western Interior Basin, G. W. Shurr, G. A. Ludvigsen, and R. H. Hammond, eds.: Geological Society of America, Special Paper 287, p. 79-96.
Haworth, E., 1897, The geology of underground water in western Kansas; in, Kansas Board of Irrigation Survey and Experiment, Report for 1895 and 1896: Topeka, Kansas, The Kansas State Printing Company, p. 49-114.
Haworth, E., and Beede, J. W., 1897, The McPherson equus beds: Kansas Geological Survey, vol 2, p. 287-296.
Haworth, E., 1913, Special report on well waters in Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin 1, 110 p. [available online]
Helgesen, J. O., Leonard, R. B., and Wolf, R. J., 1993, Aquifer systems underlying Kansas, Nebraska, and parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming--Hydrology of the Great Plains aquifer system in Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, and adjacent areas: U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 1414-E, 161 p. [available online]
Holdoway, K., 1978, Deposition of evaporites and red beds of the Nippewalla Group, Permian, western Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 215, 43 p. [available online]
Jackson, J. A., ed., 1997, Glossary of Geology (4th Edition): Alexandria, VA, American Geological Institute, 769 p.
Jorgensen, D. G., 1982, Aquifer names: in, Geohydrology of the Dakota Aquifer, D.G. Jorgensen and D.C. Signor, eds.: Proceedings of the First C. V. Theis Conference on Geohydrology, Lincoln, Nebraska, p. 4-7.
Jorgensen, D. G., and Signor, D. C., 1981, Plan of study for the Central Midwest Regional Aquifer System Analysis in parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Texas: U.S. Geological Survey, Water-resources Investigations, Open-file Report 81-206, 28 p. [available online]
Jorgensen, D. G., Helgesen, J. O., and Imes, J. L., 1993, Aquifer systems underlying Kansas, Nebraska, and parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming--Geohydrologic framework: U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 1414-B, 238 p. [available online]
Kansas Department of Agriculture, 1999, Proposed rules and regulations of the Division of Water Resources, Kansas Department of Agriculture: Topeka, Kansas Department of Agriculture, 256 p.
Kume, J., and Spinazola, J. M., 1985, Geohydrology of sandstone aquifers in southwestern Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Irrigation Series 8, 49 p. [available online]
Laney, R. L., and Davidson, C. R., 1986, Aquifer-nomenclature guidelines: U.S. Geological Survey, Open-file Report 86-534, 46 p. [available online]
Latta, B. F., 1941, Geology and ground-water resources of Stanton County, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 37, 119 p.
Latta, B. F., 1944, Geology and ground-water resources of Finney and Gray counties, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 55, 272 p. [available online]
Lohman, S. W., and others, 1972, Definitions of selected ground-water terms--Revisions and conceptual refinements: U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Supply Paper 1988, 9 p. [available online]
Macfarlane, P. A., 1993, The effect of topographic relief and hydrostratigraphy on the upper part of the regional ground-water flow system in southeastern Colorado and western and central Kansas, with emphasis on the Dakota aquifer: Ph.D. thesis, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 197 p.
Macfarlane, P. A., and Hathaway, L. R., 1987, The hydrogeology and chemical quality of ground waters from the lower Paleozoic aquifers in the Tri-State region of Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma: Kansas Geological Survey, Ground-water Series 9, 37 p. [available online]
Macfarlane, P. A., Wade, A., Doveton, J. H., and Hamilton, V. J., 1991, Revised stratigraphic interpretation and implications for pre-Graneros paleogeography from test-hole drilling in central Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 91-1A, 73 p. [available online]
Macfarlane, P. A., Doveton, J. H., Feldman, H. R., Butler, J. J., Jr., Combes, J. M., and Collins, D. R., 1994, Aquifer/aquitard units of the Dakota aquifer system in Kansas: methods of delineation and sedimentary architecture effects on ground-water flow and flow properties: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. B64, no. 4, pp. 464-480.
Macfarlane, P. A., Whittemore, D. O., Townsend, M. A., Doveton, J. H., Hamilton, V. J., Coyle, W. G., III, and Wade, A., 1990, The Dakota Aquifer Program annual report, FY89: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 90-27, 302 p. [available online]
Macfarlane, P. A., Whittemore, D. O., Chu, T., Butler, J. J., Jr., Wade, A., Coleman, J., Doveton, J. H., Mitchell, J. E., and Kay, S., 1992, The Dakota Aquifer Program annual report, FY91: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 92-1, 93 p. [available online]
Macpherson, G. L., 1996, Hydrogeology of thin limestones--The Konza prairie long-term ecological research site, northeastern Kansas: Journal of Hydrology, v. 186, p. 191-228.
Maxey, G. B., 1964, Hydrostratigraphic units: Journal of Hydrology, v. 2, p. 124-129.
McLaughlin, T. G., 1942, Geology and ground-water resources of Morton County, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 40, 126 p. [available online]
Merriam, D. F., 1963, The geologic history of Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 162, 317 p. [available online]
Moore, R. C., 1940, Ground-water resources of Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 27, 112 p.
NACSN (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature), 1983, North American Stratigraphic code: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin, v. 67, no. 5, p. 841-875.
O'Connor, H. G., 1960, Geology and ground-water resources of Douglas County, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 148, 200 p. [available online]
O'Connor, H. G., and Chaffee, P. K., 1983, Geohydrology field trip, Marion County, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 83-25, 42 p.
O'Connor, H. G., and McClain, T. J., 1981, Geologic and hydrologic characteristics of the Ogallala and peripheral aquifers in western Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 81-10, 137 p., 10 maps.
Poland, J. F., Lofgren, B. E., and Riley, F. S., 1972, Glossary of selected terms useful in studies of the mechanics of aquifer systems and land subsidence due to fluid withdrawal: U.S. Geological Survey, Water Supply Paper 2025, 9 p. [available online]
Sawin, R. S., Buchanan, R. C., and Lebsack, W., 1999, Flint Hills springs: Kansas Academy of Science Transactions, v. 102, p. 1-31.
Schoewe, W. H., 1949, The geography of Kansas: Kansas Academy of Science Transactions. v. 52, no. 3, p. 261-333.
Seaber, P. R., 1988, Hydrostratigraphic units: in, Hydrogeology, W. Back, J. R. Rosenshein, and P. R. Seaber, eds.: The Geology of North America, Geological Society of America, vol. O-2, p. 9-14.
Self, H., 1978, Environment and man in Kansas: The Regents Press of Kansas, Lawrence, 288 p.
Smith, H. T. U., 1940, Geologic studies in southwestern Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 34, 212 p. [available online]
Sophocleous, Marios, 1998, Water resources of Kansas--A comprehensive outline; in, Perspectives on Sustainable Development of Water Resources in Kansas, Marios Sophocleous, ed.: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 239, p. 3-59.
Steeples, D. W., and Buchanan, R., 1983, Kansas geomaps: Kansas Geological Survey, Educational Series 4, 30 p.
Stramel, G. J., 1956, Progress report on the ground-water hydrology of the Equus Beds area, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 119, part 1, p. 1-59. [Available online]
Stullken, L. E., Watts, K. R., and Lindgren, R. J., 1985, Geohydrology of the High Plains aquifer, western Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey, Open-file Report 85-4198, 86 p. [available online]
U.S. Geological Survey, 1985, National water summary 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2275, 467 p. [available online]
Waite, H. A., 1947, Geology and ground-water resources of Scott County, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 66, 216 p. [available online]
Williams, C. C., and Lohman, S. W., 1949, Geology and ground-water resources of a part of south-central Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 79, 455 p. [available online]
Wilson, F. W., 1978, Kansas landscapes--A geologic diary: Kansas Geological Survey, Educational Series 5, 50 p.
Zeller, D. E., ed., 1968, The stratigraphic succession in Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 189, 81 p. [available online]
Aber, J. S., 1991, The glaciation of northeastern Kansas: Boreas, v. 20, p. 297-314.
Adams, G. I., 1903, Physiographic divisions of Kansas: Kansas Academy of Science Transactions v. 18, p. 109-123.
Baars, D. L., and Maples, C. G., 1998, Lexicon of Geologic Names of Kansas (through 1995)--A Compilation of the Geologic Names of Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 231, 271 p.
Bayne, C. K., 1975, General availability of ground water and normal annual precipitation in Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Map M-4A, 1 sheet, scale 1:500,000.
Bayne, C. K., Boellstorff, J. D., and Miller, B. B., 1976, Guidebook--24th Annual Meeting, Midwestern Friends of the Pleistocene (Meade County, Kansas): Kansas Geological Survey, Guidebook Series 1, 85 p. [available online]
Chaffee, P., 1988, Effects of water-well construction on temporal variability of ground-water quality in Lincolnville, Marion County, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 88-26, 171 p.
Darton, N. H., 1906, Geology and underground water resources of the Arkansas valley in eastern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 52, 90 p.
Denne, J. E., Miller, R. E., Hathaway, L. R., O'Connor, H. G., and Johnson, W. C., 1998, Hydrogeology and geochemistry of glacial deposits in northeastern Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 229, 127 p. [available online]
Doveton, J. H., and Chang, T., 1991, Latent facies mapping from binary geological data: Journal of Geology, v. 99, p. 299-309.
Fader, S., 1968, Ground water in the Republican River area, Cloud, Jewell, and Republic counties, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 188, 27 p. [available online]
Fader, S. W., and Stullken, L. E., 1978, Geohydrology of the Great Bend Prairie, south-central Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Irrigation Series 4, 19 p. [available online]
Fenneman, N. M., 1946, Physical subdivisions of the United States (Map): U.S. Geological Survey, 1:700,000, 1 sheet.
Fetter, C. W., 1994, Applied Hydrogeology, 3rd edition: New York, Macmillan College Publishing Co., 691 p.
Freeze, R. A., and Cherry, J. A., 1979, Ground Water: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hall Inc., 604 p.
Gogel, T., 1981, Discharge of saltwater from Permian rocks to major stream-aquifer systems in central Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Chemical Quality Series 9, 60 p. [available online]
Gutentag, E. D., and Weeks, J. B., 1980, Water table in the High Plains aquifer in 1978 in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey, Hydologic Investigations Atlas HA-642. [available online]
Gutentag, E. D., Lobmeyer, D. H., and Slagle, S. E., 1981, Geohydrology of southwestern Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Irrigation Series 7, 73 p. [available online]
Hamilton, V. J., 1994, Sequence stratigraphy of Cretaceous Albian and Cenomanian strata in Kansas; in, Perspectives on the Eastern Margin of the Cretaceous Western Interior Basin, G. W. Shurr, G. A. Ludvigsen, and R. H. Hammond, eds.: Geological Society of America, Special Paper 287, p. 79-96.
Haworth, E., 1897, The geology of underground water in western Kansas; in, Kansas Board of Irrigation Survey and Experiment, Report for 1895 and 1896: Topeka, Kansas, The Kansas State Printing Company, p. 49-114.
Haworth, E., and Beede, J. W., 1897, The McPherson equus beds: Kansas Geological Survey, vol 2, p. 287-296.
Haworth, E., 1913, Special report on well waters in Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin 1, 110 p. [available online]
Helgesen, J. O., Leonard, R. B., and Wolf, R. J., 1993, Aquifer systems underlying Kansas, Nebraska, and parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming--Hydrology of the Great Plains aquifer system in Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, and adjacent areas: U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 1414-E, 161 p. [available online]
Holdoway, K., 1978, Deposition of evaporites and red beds of the Nippewalla Group, Permian, western Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 215, 43 p. [available online]
Jackson, J. A., ed., 1997, Glossary of Geology (4th Edition): Alexandria, VA, American Geological Institute, 769 p.
Jorgensen, D. G., 1982, Aquifer names: in, Geohydrology of the Dakota Aquifer, D.G. Jorgensen and D.C. Signor, eds.: Proceedings of the First C. V. Theis Conference on Geohydrology, Lincoln, Nebraska, p. 4-7.
Jorgensen, D. G., and Signor, D. C., 1981, Plan of study for the Central Midwest Regional Aquifer System Analysis in parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Texas: U.S. Geological Survey, Water-resources Investigations, Open-file Report 81-206, 28 p. [available online]
Jorgensen, D. G., Helgesen, J. O., and Imes, J. L., 1993, Aquifer systems underlying Kansas, Nebraska, and parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming--Geohydrologic framework: U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 1414-B, 238 p. [available online]
Kansas Department of Agriculture, 1999, Proposed rules and regulations of the Division of Water Resources, Kansas Department of Agriculture: Topeka, Kansas Department of Agriculture, 256 p.
Kume, J., and Spinazola, J. M., 1985, Geohydrology of sandstone aquifers in southwestern Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Irrigation Series 8, 49 p. [available online]
Laney, R. L., and Davidson, C. R., 1986, Aquifer-nomenclature guidelines: U.S. Geological Survey, Open-file Report 86-534, 46 p. [available online]
Latta, B. F., 1941, Geology and ground-water resources of Stanton County, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 37, 119 p.
Latta, B. F., 1944, Geology and ground-water resources of Finney and Gray counties, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 55, 272 p. [available online]
Lohman, S. W., and others, 1972, Definitions of selected ground-water terms--Revisions and conceptual refinements: U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Supply Paper 1988, 9 p. [available online]
Macfarlane, P. A., 1993, The effect of topographic relief and hydrostratigraphy on the upper part of the regional ground-water flow system in southeastern Colorado and western and central Kansas, with emphasis on the Dakota aquifer: Ph.D. thesis, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 197 p.
Macfarlane, P. A., and Hathaway, L. R., 1987, The hydrogeology and chemical quality of ground waters from the lower Paleozoic aquifers in the Tri-State region of Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma: Kansas Geological Survey, Ground-water Series 9, 37 p. [available online]
Macfarlane, P. A., Wade, A., Doveton, J. H., and Hamilton, V. J., 1991, Revised stratigraphic interpretation and implications for pre-Graneros paleogeography from test-hole drilling in central Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 91-1A, 73 p. [available online]
Macfarlane, P. A., Doveton, J. H., Feldman, H. R., Butler, J. J., Jr., Combes, J. M., and Collins, D. R., 1994, Aquifer/aquitard units of the Dakota aquifer system in Kansas: methods of delineation and sedimentary architecture effects on ground-water flow and flow properties: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. B64, no. 4, pp. 464-480.
Macfarlane, P. A., Whittemore, D. O., Townsend, M. A., Doveton, J. H., Hamilton, V. J., Coyle, W. G., III, and Wade, A., 1990, The Dakota Aquifer Program annual report, FY89: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 90-27, 302 p. [available online]
Macfarlane, P. A., Whittemore, D. O., Chu, T., Butler, J. J., Jr., Wade, A., Coleman, J., Doveton, J. H., Mitchell, J. E., and Kay, S., 1992, The Dakota Aquifer Program annual report, FY91: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 92-1, 93 p. [available online]
Macpherson, G. L., 1996, Hydrogeology of thin limestones--The Konza prairie long-term ecological research site, northeastern Kansas: Journal of Hydrology, v. 186, p. 191-228.
Maxey, G. B., 1964, Hydrostratigraphic units: Journal of Hydrology, v. 2, p. 124-129.
McLaughlin, T. G., 1942, Geology and ground-water resources of Morton County, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 40, 126 p. [available online]
Merriam, D. F., 1963, The geologic history of Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 162, 317 p. [available online]
Moore, R. C., 1940, Ground-water resources of Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 27, 112 p.
NACSN (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature), 1983, North American Stratigraphic code: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin, v. 67, no. 5, p. 841-875.
O'Connor, H. G., 1960, Geology and ground-water resources of Douglas County, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 148, 200 p. [available online]
O'Connor, H. G., and Chaffee, P. K., 1983, Geohydrology field trip, Marion County, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 83-25, 42 p.
O'Connor, H. G., and McClain, T. J., 1981, Geologic and hydrologic characteristics of the Ogallala and peripheral aquifers in western Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 81-10, 137 p., 10 maps.
Poland, J. F., Lofgren, B. E., and Riley, F. S., 1972, Glossary of selected terms useful in studies of the mechanics of aquifer systems and land subsidence due to fluid withdrawal: U.S. Geological Survey, Water Supply Paper 2025, 9 p. [available online]
Sawin, R. S., Buchanan, R. C., and Lebsack, W., 1999, Flint Hills springs: Kansas Academy of Science Transactions, v. 102, p. 1-31.
Schoewe, W. H., 1949, The geography of Kansas: Kansas Academy of Science Transactions. v. 52, no. 3, p. 261-333.
Seaber, P. R., 1988, Hydrostratigraphic units: in, Hydrogeology, W. Back, J. R. Rosenshein, and P. R. Seaber, eds.: The Geology of North America, Geological Society of America, vol. O-2, p. 9-14.
Self, H., 1978, Environment and man in Kansas: The Regents Press of Kansas, Lawrence, 288 p.
Smith, H. T. U., 1940, Geologic studies in southwestern Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 34, 212 p. [available online]
Sophocleous, Marios, 1998, Water resources of Kansas--A comprehensive outline; in, Perspectives on Sustainable Development of Water Resources in Kansas, Marios Sophocleous, ed.: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 239, p. 3-59.
Steeples, D. W., and Buchanan, R., 1983, Kansas geomaps: Kansas Geological Survey, Educational Series 4, 30 p.
Stramel, G. J., 1956, Progress report on the ground-water hydrology of the Equus Beds area, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 119, part 1, p. 1-59. [Available online]
Stullken, L. E., Watts, K. R., and Lindgren, R. J., 1985, Geohydrology of the High Plains aquifer, western Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey, Open-file Report 85-4198, 86 p. [available online]
U.S. Geological Survey, 1985, National water summary 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2275, 467 p. [available online]
Waite, H. A., 1947, Geology and ground-water resources of Scott County, Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 66, 216 p. [available online]
Williams, C. C., and Lohman, S. W., 1949, Geology and ground-water resources of a part of south-central Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 79, 455 p. [available online]
Wilson, F. W., 1978, Kansas landscapes--A geologic diary: Kansas Geological Survey, Educational Series 5, 50 p.
Zeller, D. E., ed., 1968, The stratigraphic succession in Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 189, 81 p. [available online]
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Macfarlane, P. Allen. 2000. “Revisions to the Nomenclature for Kansas Aquifers”. Current Research in Earth Sciences, no. 244 (December): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.17161/cres.v0i244.11815.
