Paleoecology of the Permian (Wolfcampian) Phylloid Alga Calcipatera from an In Situ Occurrence in Kansas, U.S.A.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17161/cres.v0i251.11835Abstract
In situ occurrences of the calcareous marine phylloid alga Calcipatera cottonwoodensis in the Permian Cottonwood Limestone Member (Beattie Limestone) occur in Greenwood County, Kansas, in association with platy algal packstones, which are the phylloid algal facies most commonly described in the literature. The in situ algal facies occurs in the upper 0.45 m of an exposure where it is overlain and underlain by algal packstones composed of transported and broken fragments of Calcipatera cottonwoodensis.
Calcipatera cottonwoodensis colonized coarse carbonate sands or carbonate mud substrates. During growth, carbonate mud accumulated in the cup-shaped thalli, and death followed when the rate of sedimentation exceeded the rate of algal growth. The three lithologies--substrate, cup-filling, and smothering--are easily recognized on polished surfaces.
Other members of the Calcipatera cottonwoodensis benthic community are Shamovella, encrusting and boring algae, foraminiferids, fenestrate and ramose bryozoans, brachiopods, bivalves, gastropods, trilobites, ostracodes, and echinoids. This occurrence and biotic association compares well with those described by Toomey (1976) and Wahlman (1988, 2002) from the Permian (Wolfcampian) of West Texas.
References
Baars, D. L., and Torres, A. M., 1991, Late Paleozoic phylloid algae--A pragmatic review: Palaios, v. 6, p. 513-515.
Babcock, J. A., 1977, Calcareous algae, organic boundstones, and the genesis of the upper Capitan Limestone (Permian, Guadalupian), Guadalupe Mountains, West Texas and New Mexico; in, Upper Guadalupian Facies, Permian Reef Complex, Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico and West Texas, M. E. Hileman and S. J. Mazzullo, eds.: Permian Basin Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Publication 77-6, p. 3-44.
Ball, S. M., Pollard, W. D., and Roberts, J. W., 1977, Importance of phylloid algae in development of depositional topography--reality or myth?; in, Reefs and Related Carbonates--Ecology and Sedimentology, S. H. Frost, M. P. Weiss, and J. B. Saunders, eds.: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Studies in Geology Number 4, Tulsa, Oklahoma, p. 239-259.
Chafetz, H. S., 1986, Marine peloids--A product of bacterially induced precipitation of calcite: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 56, p. 812-817.
Chayes, F., 1949, A simple point counter for thin-section analysis: American Mineralogist v. 34, p. 1-11.
Cross, T. A., and Klosterman, M. J., 1981, Autecology and development of a stromatolitic-bound phylloid algal bioherm, Laborcita Formation (Lower Permian), Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico, U.S.A.; in, Phanerozoic Stromatolites, C. Monty, ed.: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 45-59.
Crowley, D. J., 1969, Algal-bank complex in Wyandotte Limestone (Late Pennsylvanian) in eastern Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 198, 52 p. [available online]
Elias, G. K., 1963, Habitat of Pennsylvanian algal bioherms, Four Corners area; in, A Symposium--Shelf Carbonates of the Paradox Basin, R. O. Bass and S. L. Sharps, eds.: Four Corners Geological Society, Fourth Field Conference, p. 185-203.
Forsythe, G. T. W., 2003, A new synthesis of Permo-Carboniferous phylloid algal reef ecology; in, Permo-Carboniferous Carbonate Platforms and Reefs, W. M. Ahr, P. M. Harris, W. A. Morgan, and I. D. Somerville, eds.: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication No. 78, p. 171-188.
Ginsburg, R. N., and Lowenstam, H. A., 1958, The influence of marine bottom communities on depositional environment of sediments: Journal of Geology, v. 66, p. 310-318.
Johnson, J. H., 1946, Lime-secreting algae from the Pennsylvanian and Permian of Kansas: Geological Society of America, v. 57, p. 1,087-1,120.
Kirkland, B. L., Moore, C. H., Jr., and Dickson, J. A. D., 1993, Well preserved, aragonitic phylloid algae (Eugonophyllum, Udoteaceae) from the Pennsylvanian Holder Formation, Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico: Palaios, v. 8, p. 111-120.
Konishi, K., 1961, Studies of Paleozoic Codiaceae and allied algae, Part I, Codiaceae: Science Reports of the Kanazawa University, v. 7, p. 159-261.
Konishi, K., and Wray J. L., 1961, Eugonophyllum, a new Pennsylvanian and Permian algal genus: Journal of Paleontology, v. 35, p. 659-666.
Laporte, L. F., 1960, Sedimentary facies of the Cottonwood limestone (Permian), northern midcontinent: Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, New York, 135 p.
Laporte, L. F., 1962, Paleoecology of the Cottonwood limestone (Permian), northern midcontinent: Geological Society of America, Bulletin, v. 73, no. 5, p. 521-544.
Littler, D. S., Littler, M. M., Bucher, K. E., and Norris, J. N., 1989, Marine plants of the Caribbean--A field guide from Florida to Brazil: Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., 263 p.
Pray, L. C., and Wray, J. L., 1963, Porous algal facies (Pennsylvanian), Honaker Trail, San Juan Canyon, Utah; in, A Symposium--Shelf Carbonates of the Paradox Basin, R. O Bass and S. L. Sharps, eds.: Four Corners Geological Society, Fourth Field Conference, p. 204-234.
Riding, R., 1993, Shamovella obscura: the correct name for Tubiphytes-obscurus (fossil): Taxon, v. 42, no. 1, p.71-73.
Samankassou, E. and West, R. R., 2002, Construction versus accumulation in phylloid algal mounds-An example of a small constructed mound in the Pennsylvanian of Kansas, USA: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v.185, p. 379-389.
Samankassou, E. and West, R. R., 2004, Constructional and accumulational modes of fabrics in selected Pennsylvanian algal-dominated buildups in eastern Kansas, midcontinent, U.S.A.; in, Permo-Carboniferous Carbonate Platforms and Reefs, W. M. Ahr, P. M. Harris, W. A. Morgan, and I. D. Somerville, eds.: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication No. 78, p. 219-237.
Senowbari-Daryan, B., and Flugel, E., 1993, Tubiphytes Maslov, an enigmatic fossil: classification, fossil record and significance through time Part I: Discussion of late Paleozoic material; in, Studies on Fossil Benthic Algae, F. Barattolo, P. De Castro, and M. Parente, eds.: Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, Special Volume 1, p. 353-382.
Simo, J. A., Wahlman, G. P. Stoklosa, M. L., and Beall, J. L., 2000, Heuco Mountains; in, Permian Platforms and Reefs in the Guadalupe and Hueco Mountains, P. M. Harris and J. A. Simo, eds.: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Field Trip Guidebook No. 9, Symposium on Pennsylvanian-Permian Carbonate Platforms and Reefs, El Paso, Texas, 82 p.
Simo, J. A., Wahlman, G. P., Beall, J. L., and Stoklosa, M. L., 2001, Wolfcampian shelf-margins, Hueco Mountains, West Texas; in, Wolfcampian of West Texas (Permian Basin, Sierra Diablo and Hueco Mountains)--Shelfal and Periplatform Carbonate Reservoirs and Outcrop Analogs, E. L. Stoudt and D. J. Sivilis, eds.: Permian Basin Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Publication 2001-41, Core Workshop and Field Trip Guidebook, p. 8-1 to 8-26.
Stockman, K. W., Ginsburg, R. N., and Shinn, E. A., 1967, The production of lime mud by algae in south Florida: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 36, p. 633-648.
Toomey, D. F., 1976, Paleosynecology of a Permian plant dominated marine community: Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen, v. 152, p. 1-18.
Torres, A. M., 1995, Ivanovia tebagaensis was a cyathiform Permian codiacean membranous alga with dimorphic cortices: Journal of Paleontology, v. 69, p. 381-387.
Torres, A. M., 1997, Reconstruction of a cyathiform Eugonophyllum, Upper Pennsylvanian, Palo Pinto County, Texas: Journal of Paleontology, v. 71, p. 493-499.
Torres, A. M., and Baars, D. L., 1992, Anchicodium Johnson--Branched or phylloid?: Journal of Paleontology, v. 66, p. 675-677.
Torres, A. M., West, R. R., and Sawin, R. S., 1992, Calcipatera cottonwoodensis, a new membranous late Paleozoic calcareous alga: Journal of Paleontology, v. 66, p. 678-681.
Wahlman, G. P., 1985, Lower Permian (Wolfcampian) Archaeolithoporella-Tubiphytes-sponge boundstones from the subsurface of West Texas; in, Paleoalgology, Contemporary Research and Applications, D. F. Toomey and M. N. Nitecki, eds.: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 208-215.
Wahlman, G. P., 1988, Subsurface Wolfcampian (Lower Permian) shelf-margin reefs in the Permian basin of West Texas and southeastern New Mexico; in, The Permian of the Midcontinent, W. P. Morgan and J. A. Babcock, eds.: Midcontinent Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication No. 1, p. 177-204.
Wahlman, G. P., 2001, Pennsylvanian-Lower Permian mounds and reefs in the Permian basin (West Texas-New Mexico)--Composition, evolution, distribution, and reservoir characteristics; in, The Permian Basin: Microns to Satellites, Looking for Oil and Gas at all Scales, J. J. Vveiros and S. M. Imgram, eds.: West Texas Geological Society, Publication 01-110, p. 57-64.
Wahlman, G. P., 2002, Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian (Bashkirian-Kungurian) mounds and reefs; in, Phanerozoic Reef Patterns, W. Kiessling, E. Flugel, and J. Golonka, eds.: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication No. 72, p. 271-338.
Wray, J. L., 1964, Archaeolithophyllum, an abundant calcareous alga in limestones of the Lansing Group (Pennsylvanian), southeastern Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 170, 13 p. [available online]
Babcock, J. A., 1977, Calcareous algae, organic boundstones, and the genesis of the upper Capitan Limestone (Permian, Guadalupian), Guadalupe Mountains, West Texas and New Mexico; in, Upper Guadalupian Facies, Permian Reef Complex, Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico and West Texas, M. E. Hileman and S. J. Mazzullo, eds.: Permian Basin Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Publication 77-6, p. 3-44.
Ball, S. M., Pollard, W. D., and Roberts, J. W., 1977, Importance of phylloid algae in development of depositional topography--reality or myth?; in, Reefs and Related Carbonates--Ecology and Sedimentology, S. H. Frost, M. P. Weiss, and J. B. Saunders, eds.: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Studies in Geology Number 4, Tulsa, Oklahoma, p. 239-259.
Chafetz, H. S., 1986, Marine peloids--A product of bacterially induced precipitation of calcite: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 56, p. 812-817.
Chayes, F., 1949, A simple point counter for thin-section analysis: American Mineralogist v. 34, p. 1-11.
Cross, T. A., and Klosterman, M. J., 1981, Autecology and development of a stromatolitic-bound phylloid algal bioherm, Laborcita Formation (Lower Permian), Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico, U.S.A.; in, Phanerozoic Stromatolites, C. Monty, ed.: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 45-59.
Crowley, D. J., 1969, Algal-bank complex in Wyandotte Limestone (Late Pennsylvanian) in eastern Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 198, 52 p. [available online]
Elias, G. K., 1963, Habitat of Pennsylvanian algal bioherms, Four Corners area; in, A Symposium--Shelf Carbonates of the Paradox Basin, R. O. Bass and S. L. Sharps, eds.: Four Corners Geological Society, Fourth Field Conference, p. 185-203.
Forsythe, G. T. W., 2003, A new synthesis of Permo-Carboniferous phylloid algal reef ecology; in, Permo-Carboniferous Carbonate Platforms and Reefs, W. M. Ahr, P. M. Harris, W. A. Morgan, and I. D. Somerville, eds.: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication No. 78, p. 171-188.
Ginsburg, R. N., and Lowenstam, H. A., 1958, The influence of marine bottom communities on depositional environment of sediments: Journal of Geology, v. 66, p. 310-318.
Johnson, J. H., 1946, Lime-secreting algae from the Pennsylvanian and Permian of Kansas: Geological Society of America, v. 57, p. 1,087-1,120.
Kirkland, B. L., Moore, C. H., Jr., and Dickson, J. A. D., 1993, Well preserved, aragonitic phylloid algae (Eugonophyllum, Udoteaceae) from the Pennsylvanian Holder Formation, Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico: Palaios, v. 8, p. 111-120.
Konishi, K., 1961, Studies of Paleozoic Codiaceae and allied algae, Part I, Codiaceae: Science Reports of the Kanazawa University, v. 7, p. 159-261.
Konishi, K., and Wray J. L., 1961, Eugonophyllum, a new Pennsylvanian and Permian algal genus: Journal of Paleontology, v. 35, p. 659-666.
Laporte, L. F., 1960, Sedimentary facies of the Cottonwood limestone (Permian), northern midcontinent: Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, New York, 135 p.
Laporte, L. F., 1962, Paleoecology of the Cottonwood limestone (Permian), northern midcontinent: Geological Society of America, Bulletin, v. 73, no. 5, p. 521-544.
Littler, D. S., Littler, M. M., Bucher, K. E., and Norris, J. N., 1989, Marine plants of the Caribbean--A field guide from Florida to Brazil: Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., 263 p.
Pray, L. C., and Wray, J. L., 1963, Porous algal facies (Pennsylvanian), Honaker Trail, San Juan Canyon, Utah; in, A Symposium--Shelf Carbonates of the Paradox Basin, R. O Bass and S. L. Sharps, eds.: Four Corners Geological Society, Fourth Field Conference, p. 204-234.
Riding, R., 1993, Shamovella obscura: the correct name for Tubiphytes-obscurus (fossil): Taxon, v. 42, no. 1, p.71-73.
Samankassou, E. and West, R. R., 2002, Construction versus accumulation in phylloid algal mounds-An example of a small constructed mound in the Pennsylvanian of Kansas, USA: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v.185, p. 379-389.
Samankassou, E. and West, R. R., 2004, Constructional and accumulational modes of fabrics in selected Pennsylvanian algal-dominated buildups in eastern Kansas, midcontinent, U.S.A.; in, Permo-Carboniferous Carbonate Platforms and Reefs, W. M. Ahr, P. M. Harris, W. A. Morgan, and I. D. Somerville, eds.: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication No. 78, p. 219-237.
Senowbari-Daryan, B., and Flugel, E., 1993, Tubiphytes Maslov, an enigmatic fossil: classification, fossil record and significance through time Part I: Discussion of late Paleozoic material; in, Studies on Fossil Benthic Algae, F. Barattolo, P. De Castro, and M. Parente, eds.: Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, Special Volume 1, p. 353-382.
Simo, J. A., Wahlman, G. P. Stoklosa, M. L., and Beall, J. L., 2000, Heuco Mountains; in, Permian Platforms and Reefs in the Guadalupe and Hueco Mountains, P. M. Harris and J. A. Simo, eds.: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Field Trip Guidebook No. 9, Symposium on Pennsylvanian-Permian Carbonate Platforms and Reefs, El Paso, Texas, 82 p.
Simo, J. A., Wahlman, G. P., Beall, J. L., and Stoklosa, M. L., 2001, Wolfcampian shelf-margins, Hueco Mountains, West Texas; in, Wolfcampian of West Texas (Permian Basin, Sierra Diablo and Hueco Mountains)--Shelfal and Periplatform Carbonate Reservoirs and Outcrop Analogs, E. L. Stoudt and D. J. Sivilis, eds.: Permian Basin Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Publication 2001-41, Core Workshop and Field Trip Guidebook, p. 8-1 to 8-26.
Stockman, K. W., Ginsburg, R. N., and Shinn, E. A., 1967, The production of lime mud by algae in south Florida: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 36, p. 633-648.
Toomey, D. F., 1976, Paleosynecology of a Permian plant dominated marine community: Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen, v. 152, p. 1-18.
Torres, A. M., 1995, Ivanovia tebagaensis was a cyathiform Permian codiacean membranous alga with dimorphic cortices: Journal of Paleontology, v. 69, p. 381-387.
Torres, A. M., 1997, Reconstruction of a cyathiform Eugonophyllum, Upper Pennsylvanian, Palo Pinto County, Texas: Journal of Paleontology, v. 71, p. 493-499.
Torres, A. M., and Baars, D. L., 1992, Anchicodium Johnson--Branched or phylloid?: Journal of Paleontology, v. 66, p. 675-677.
Torres, A. M., West, R. R., and Sawin, R. S., 1992, Calcipatera cottonwoodensis, a new membranous late Paleozoic calcareous alga: Journal of Paleontology, v. 66, p. 678-681.
Wahlman, G. P., 1985, Lower Permian (Wolfcampian) Archaeolithoporella-Tubiphytes-sponge boundstones from the subsurface of West Texas; in, Paleoalgology, Contemporary Research and Applications, D. F. Toomey and M. N. Nitecki, eds.: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 208-215.
Wahlman, G. P., 1988, Subsurface Wolfcampian (Lower Permian) shelf-margin reefs in the Permian basin of West Texas and southeastern New Mexico; in, The Permian of the Midcontinent, W. P. Morgan and J. A. Babcock, eds.: Midcontinent Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication No. 1, p. 177-204.
Wahlman, G. P., 2001, Pennsylvanian-Lower Permian mounds and reefs in the Permian basin (West Texas-New Mexico)--Composition, evolution, distribution, and reservoir characteristics; in, The Permian Basin: Microns to Satellites, Looking for Oil and Gas at all Scales, J. J. Vveiros and S. M. Imgram, eds.: West Texas Geological Society, Publication 01-110, p. 57-64.
Wahlman, G. P., 2002, Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian (Bashkirian-Kungurian) mounds and reefs; in, Phanerozoic Reef Patterns, W. Kiessling, E. Flugel, and J. Golonka, eds.: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication No. 72, p. 271-338.
Wray, J. L., 1964, Archaeolithophyllum, an abundant calcareous alga in limestones of the Lansing Group (Pennsylvanian), southeastern Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 170, 13 p. [available online]
Downloads
Published
2005-02-18
Issue
Section
Articles
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors can view article download statistics for published articles within their accounts.
How to Cite
Sawin, Robert S., and Ronald R. West. 2005. “Paleoecology of the Permian (Wolfcampian) Phylloid Alga Calcipatera from an In Situ Occurrence in Kansas, U.S.A”. Current Research in Earth Sciences, no. 251 (February): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.17161/cres.v0i251.11835.
