Carboniferous–Permian Boundary in Kansas, Midcontinent, U.S.A.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17161/cres.v0i252.11838Abstract
The placement of the Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian)-Permian boundary in Kansas has been debated since the rocks of this age were first described and named. With the ratification of the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Permian System in the southern Ural Mountains, the Carboniferous-Permian boundary in Kansas can now be confidently defined. Based on the identification of the first occurrence of the conodont Streptognathodus isolatus that definitively correlates the Kansas rock section to the basal Permian GSSP, the Carboniferous-Permian boundary in Kansas can be placed at the base of the Bennett Shale Member of the Red Eagle Limestone.
The Kansas Geological Survey proposes that the Tuttle Creek Lake Spillway section, located in northeast Kansas, be considered for the Carboniferous-Permian boundary stratotype in Kansas. It is further suggested that the stratigraphic position of the Carboniferous-Permian boundary in the Tuttle Creek Lake Spillway section be considered as a potential North American stratotype.
In addition to being a significant biostratigraphic boundary, the Carboniferous-Permian boundary and enclosing strata also have significance because they reflect important geologic events and changes that occurred on a regional and global scale.
References
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Condra, G. E., 1927, The stratigraphy of the Pennsylvanian System in Nebraska: Nebraska Geological Survey, Bulletin 1, ser. 2, p. 1-291.
Davydov, V. I., Glenister, B. F., Spinosa, C., Ritter, S. M., Chernykh, V. V., Wardlaw, B. R., and Snyder, W. S., 1995, Proposal of Aidaralash as GSSP for the base of the Permian System: Permophiles, iss. 26, p. 1-9.
Davydov, V. I., Glenister, B. F., Spinosa, C., Ritter, S. M., Chernykh, V. V., Wardlaw, B. R., and Snyder, W. S., 1998, Proposal of Aidaralash as Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for base of the Permian System: Episodes, v. 21, no. 1, p. 11-18.
Dickinson, W. R., and Lawton, T. F., 2003, Sequential intercontinental suturing as the ultimate control for Pennsylvanian Ancestral Rocky Mountain deformation: Geology, v. 31, no. 7, p. 609-612.
Dorobek, S. L., 2004, Late Paleozoic deformation of the Permian basin region and other parts of the Marathon-Ouachita foreland: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 36, no. 5, p. 509.
Douglass, R. C., 1962, Phylum Protozoa, Class Sarconina--Order Foraminifera, Fusulinidae of the Brownville through Americus interval in Kansas; in, Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Uppermost Pennsylvanian and Lowermost Permian Rocks in Kansas, M. R. Mudge and E. L. Yochelson (eds.): U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 323, p. 55-64.
Dunn, M. T., 2001, Palynology of the Carboniferous-Permian boundary stratotype, Aidaralash Creek, Kazakhstan: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 116, p. 175-194.
Dutton, S.P., and Goldstein, A. G., 1988, Palo Duro, Hardeman, and Dalhart basins; in, Chapter 12, Southern Midcontinent Region, Decade of North America, v. D-2, Sedimentary Cover--North American Craton, U.S., K. S. Johnson et al. (vol. eds.), L. L. Sloss (series ed.): Geological Society of America, p. 341-346.
Elias, M. K., 1937, Depth of deposition of the Big Blue (late Paleozoic) sediments in Kansas: Geological Society of America, Bulletin, v. 48, p. 403-432.
Heald, K. C., 1916, The oil and gas geology of the Foraker quadrangle, Osage County, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey, Bulletin 641, p. 17-47.
Hoy, R. G., and Ridgway, K. D., 2003, Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of fan-delta and river-delta depositional systems, Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation, Colorado: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin, v. 87, no. 7, p. 1,169-1,191.
Keairns, C., 1995, Sequence stratigraphy of Pennsylvanian-Permian boundary strata from the North American midcontinent: M.S. thesis, Oklahoma State University, 255 p.
Keairns, C. E., and Boardman, D. R., II, 2001, Principal reference section of Red Eagle Limestone; in, Pennsylvanian and Permian Geology and Petroleum in the Southern Midcontinent, 1998 Symposium, K. S. Johnson (ed.): Oklahoma Geological Survey, Circular 104, p. 115-118.
McCrone, A. W., 1963, Paleoecology and biostratigraphy of the Red Eagle cyclothem (Lower Permian) in Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 164, 114 p. [available online]
McKee, E. D., and Oriel, S. S., 1967, Paleotectonic maps of the Permian System: U.S. Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Geological Investigations Map I-450, 164 p.
Miller, K. B., 1994, Tuttle Creek Lake spillway exposure: Cycle patterns and paleosol profiles: Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 94-23, 26 p. [Available online]
Miller, K. B., McCahon, T. J., and West, R. R., 1996, Lower Permian (Wolfcampian) paleosol-bearing cycles of the U.S. midcontinent: evidence of climatic cyclicity: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 66, p. 71-84.
Miller, K. B., and West, R. R., 1998, Identification of sequence boundaries within cyclic strata of the Lower Permian of Kansas, U.S.A.: problems and alternatives: Journal of Geology, v. 106, p. 119-132.
Moore, R. C., 1940, Carboniferous-Permian boundary: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin, v. 24, no. 2, p. 282-336.
Moore, R. C., 1949, Divisions of the Pennsylvanian System in Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 83, 203 p. [available online]
Moore, R. C., and Moss, R. G., 1934, Permian-Pennsylvanian boundary in the northern midcontinent area (abs.): Geological Society of America, Proceedings, 1933, p. 100.
Mudge, M. R., and Yochelson, E. L., 1962, Stratigraphy and paleontology of the uppermost Pennsylvanian and lowermost Permian rocks in Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 323, 213 p.
Muehleisen, S. A., 1994, Trace and rare-earth element geochemistry of the Bennett Shale Member (Red Eagle Limestone) and its implications for the depositional environment of this unit at the Tuttle Creek Dam Spillway exposure, eastern Kansas, U.S.A; in, Contributions to the Geology of Rocks Exposed by the "Flood of '93" at the Tuttle Creek Reservoir Spillway near Manhattan, Kansas, R. R. West (compiler): Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 94-36, p. 4.1-4.24. [available online]
North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature, 2005, North American stratigraphic code: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin, v. 89, p. 1,547-1,591.
O'Connor, H. G., and Jewett, J. M., 1952, The Red Eagle Formation in Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 96, part 8, p. 329-362. [Available online]
Olszewski, T. D., 2000, Testing for a relationship between paleocommunity recurrence and taxonomic turnover using a sequence stratigraphic framework: PhD. dissertation, Pennsylvania State University, 378 p.
Olszewski, T. D., and Patzkowsky, M. E., 2003, From cyclothems to sequences: The record of eustasy and climate on an icehouse epeiric platform (Pennsylvanian-Permian, North American midcontinent): Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 73, no. 1, p. 15-30.
Rankey, E. C., and Farr, M. R., 1997, Preserved pedogenic mineral magnetic signature, pedogeneis, and paleoclimate change: Pennsylvanian Roca Shale (Virgilian, Asselian), central Kansas, U.S.A.: Sedimentary Geology, v. 114, p. 11-32.
Ritter, S. M., 1995, Upper Missourian-Lower Wolfcampian (Upper Kasimovian-Lower Asselian) conodont biostratigraphy of the midcontinent, U.S.A.: Journal of Paleontology, v. 69, no. 6, p. 1,139-1,154.
Ross, C. A., and Ross, J. P. R., 1987, Late Paleozoic depositional sequences; in, Timing and Depositional History of Eustatic Sequences, Figure 4, Permian Cycle Chart, C. A. Ross and D. Haman: Constraints on Seismic Stratigraphy, Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication No. 24, 228 p.
Sanderson, G. A., Verville, G. J., Groves, J. R., and Wahlman, G. P., 2001, Fusulinacean biostratigraphy of the Virgilian Stage (Upper Pennsylvanian) in Kansas: Journal of Paleontology, v. 75, no. 4, p. 883-887.
Scotese, C. R., 2004, A continental drift flipbook: The Journal of Geology, v. 112, p. 729-741.
Scotese, C. R., and McKerrow, W. S., 1990, Revised world maps and introduction; in, Palaeozoic Palaeogeography and Biogeography, W. S. McKerrow and C. R. Scotese (eds.): Geological Society of London, Memoir No. 12, p. 1-21.
Shapiro, R. S., and West, R. R., 1999, Late Paleozoic stromatolites: New insights from the Lower Permian of Kansas: Lethaia, v. 32, no. 2, p. 131-139.
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Sawin, Robert S., Ronald R. West, Evan K. Franseen, W. Lynn Watney, and James R. McCauley. 2006. “Carboniferous–Permian Boundary in Kansas, Midcontinent, U.S.A”. Current Research in Earth Sciences, no. 252 (July): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.17161/cres.v0i252.11838.
