Serican Journal of Medicine
type: channel
description: Serican Journal of Medicine provides a platform for communicating scientific advances in medical sciences globally, serving as a highly regarded source of cutting-edge information and international collaboration. Serican Journal of Medicine covers all aspects of medical fields, including basic, translational, and clinical research. The journal also presents clinical trials, surgical techniques, instrumental innovations and modifications, multi-disciplinary treatment for human diseases, public health concerns, state-of-the-art reviews, case reports, editorial comments, and clinical guidelines.
publisher: Serican Acedamy of Urology Foundation
language: en
publication name: Serican Journal of Medicine
issn: 3066-3377
items: Clinical efficacy observation of intranasal dexmedetomidine spray in adults undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia
items: Two Urology Faculty Positions at The Ohio State Universiity
items: USCACA Call For 2026 AACR and ASCO Travel Awards
items: The role of RNA 2′-O-methylation in prostate cancer
items: FOXA2 and NKX2-1 Orchestrate Neuroendocrine Lineage Plasticity in Prostate Cancer
items: Effects of Interleukin-17 on Expression of CD40 and CD40L in T and B Cell Lines
items: Emerging Mechanisms Linking High-Fat Diet and Endometrial Cancer: Insights into the Role of Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Dysregulation
items: 2025 SAU Annual Meeting Report: Unraveling the Molecular Complexities of Urologic Malignancies
items: Accidental Trismus Leading to Failed Endotracheal Intubation and Abandoned Surgery Following Rapid Sequential Induction of General Anesthesia: A Case Report
items: USCACA/ASFC Youth Scholar and ASCO Travel Awards Ceremony Report (2025)
items: Call for nomination 2025 USCACA/AFCR Youth Award
items: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Enzalutamide Resistance in Advanced Prostate Cancer
items: Interleukin-6 regulates expression of estrogen receptors in human colorectal cancer and acute T-cell leukemia cells
items: Interactions between Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Estrogen Receptors in Endometrial Cancer
items: A Review of Sipuleucel-T in Combination with Other Therapies for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
items: A Review of the Pharmacological Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract
items: Case Report: An Exploration of Cadaveric Anatomical Anomalies
items: Effects of Different Processing Methods on the Content of Rutin and Tannin in Sophora japonica Herb Medicine
items: Unraveling the Role of N6-Methyladenosine in Prostate Cancer: Implications for Prognosis and Tumor Aggression
items: Mushroom Polysaccharides as Natural Modulators of IL-17: Implications for Gut Microbiota, Autoimmune Diseases and Cancer Therapy
items: Novel Roles of Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Protein TOMM20 in Prostate Cancer
items: Aurora kinase A in urological cancers
items: Appropriate normalization is critical to improve reproducibility of tissue ChIP-seq
items: Long-Read Sequencing Outperforms Short-Read Sequencing in Detecting Most Structural Variations
items: Impact of Nanopore Flow Cell Types on DNA Methylation Detection
items: T Cell Immunity in Pathogenesis, Progression, and Malignant Transformation of Endometriosis
items: Safety Evaluation of Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Based on CHPS：A single institution retrospective study
items: The Safety and Protective Effects of Intravitreal Injection of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Rat Model of Retinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
items: Disparities in Response to the All of Us Research Program COVID-19 Participant Experience (COPE) Survey
items: The hTERT N-terminal DNA binding is necessary but not sufficient for maintaining telomere and cellular immortalization

Clinical efficacy observation of intranasal dexmedetomidine spray in adults undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia
type: item
description: Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the sedative effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine spray in adult patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia and to analyze its role in reducing preoperative anxiety. Methods: From July 2024 to January 2025, a total of 120 adult patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia at our medical institution were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (EG) or the control group (CG), with 60 patients in each group. Patients in the experimental group received intranasal dexmedetomidine spray 30 minutes before surgery, whereas those in the control group received intravenous midazolam over the same period. Sedation level, anxiety level, vital signs, anesthesia recovery, and incidence of adverse reactions were assessed. Results: The Sedation scores significantly increased after drug intervention in both groups compared to the pre-administration baseline. The STAI scores in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group, although the difference was not statistically significant. Baseline values of Heart Rate (HR), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), and Pulse Oxygen Saturation (SpO₂) showed no significant differences between the two groups before drug administration. HR, MAP, and SpO₂ tended to decrease in both intervention groups compared with baseline values, but no pathological changes were observed. The experimental group had significantly shorter times in spontaneous breathing recovery, awakening, and extubating than the control group. The incidence of adverse reactions was 5.0% in the treatment group, significantly lower than the 28.4% in the control group. Conclusion: Intranasal dexmedetomidine spray significantly enhances sedation levels, alleviates preoperative anxiety, and demonstrates good safety in adult patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia.
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: Dexmedetomidine; Nasal spray; Preoperative sedation; Anxiety; Lower limb orthopedic surgery
  topic: keywords
creator: Hailei Fan
creator: Runqiao Fu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hailei Fan, Runqiao Fu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-16
publication date: 2025-12-16
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i4.24894

Two Urology Faculty Positions at The Ohio State Universiity
type: item
description: The Ohio State University (OSU) College of Medicine’s Department of Urology and the OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center (OSUCCC) are seeking two applicants for research-intensive tenure-track faculty positions in Basic or Translational Oncology with an emphasis on bladder and/or prostate cancer. Faculty should have evidence and impact consistent with appointments at the rank of Associate Professor or Professor. These two positions are part of a cluster hire of three faculty in conjunction with the OSU College of Veterinary Medicine’s Department of Veterinary Biosciences to enhance our collaborative and comparative approach to this key thematic area of cancer and cancer-related research.
subject: Community News
  topic: section
subject: Faculty
  topic: keywords
subject: Urology, research, Prostate Cancer, Bladder Cancer
  topic: keywords
creator: Urology OSU
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Urology OSU (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-08
publication date: 2025-12-08
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i4.24761

USCACA Call For 2026 AACR and ASCO Travel Awards
type: item
description: The U.S. Chinese Anti-Cancer Association (USCACA) is pleased to announce the call for nominations for the 2026 USCACA Travel Awards to support attendance at the 2026 AACR and ASCO Annual Meetings. These awards will recognize 2 to 5 outstanding junior Chinese investigators who have been selected for an oral presentation at either the 2026 AACR or 2026 ASCO Annual Meeting. Awardees will be selected based on the significance of their scientific contributions in basic, translational, or clinical cancer research as reflected in their accepted oral presentations.
subject: Community News
  topic: section
subject: USCACA, AACR, ASCO, Awards, Travel
  topic: keywords
subject: ASCO
  topic: subjects
subject: USCACA
  topic: subjects
subject: TRAVEL
  topic: subjects
subject: AWARDS
  topic: subjects
subject: AACR
  topic: subjects
subject: NA
  topic: disciplines
creator: USCACA
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 USCACA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-10
publication date: 2025-10-10
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i4.24617

The role of RNA 2′-O-methylation in prostate cancer
type: item
description: 2′-O-methylation (Nm) represents a pervasive RNA modification occurring in multiple RNA species, including messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA). This chemical mark exerts critical regulatory functions in RNA stability, transcriptional control, and translational efficiency. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have enabled transcriptome-wide mapping of Nm sites, uncovering increasing evidence that aberrant Nm modifications contribute to oncogenesis and tumor progression. Prostate cancer, the second most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men in the United States, has emerged as a disease context in which dysregulated Nm-related pathways are of particular significance. As sequencing-based investigations continue to expand, delineating the activities of Nm-modifying enzymes across distinct RNA classes in prostate cancer is anticipated to provide mechanistic insights into disease biology, facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic targets, and ultimately guide the development of Nm-centered anticancer strategies.
subject: Review & Commentary
  topic: section
subject: RNA modification
  topic: keywords
subject: Nm
  topic: keywords
subject: prostate cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of RNA Nm in PCa, with an emphasis on identifying new molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities, particularly in the context of CRPC.
  topic: subjects
subject: a review to summarize the recent advancement of RNA 2'-O-methylation in PCa
  topic: disciplines
creator: Siqi Wu
creator: Rui Wang
creator: yang yi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Siqi Wu, Rui Wang, yang yi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-10
publication date: 2025-10-10
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i4.24600

FOXA2 and NKX2-1 Orchestrate Neuroendocrine Lineage Plasticity in Prostate Cancer
type: item
description: Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a treatment-resistant subtype that arises through lineage plasticity, allowing tumor cells to bypass androgen receptor (AR)–targeted therapies. In a recent study, Lu et al. define a transcriptional and epigenetic hierarchy that drives this transdifferentiation. The pioneer factor FOXA2 initiates enhancer remodeling and regional DNA demethylation, while the neural lineage transcription factor NKX2-1 is required to complete the NE program. Together, these factors reorganize 3D chromatin architecture and activate lineage-specific genes through enhancer–promoter looping. Crucially, the histone acetyltransferase p300/CBP is essential cofactor in this process. Pharmacologic inhibition of p300/CBP with CCS1477 suppresses NE gene expression and impairs tumor growth in NEPC models. These findings offer a mechanistic insight of lineage plasticity and highlight p300/CBP as promising therapeutic targets. The study also raises key questions about the stability and reversibility of chromatin remodeling and sets a framework for understanding enhancer-driven plasticity in other cancers.
subject: Review & Commentary
  topic: section
subject: FOXA2
  topic: keywords
subject: NKX2-1
  topic: keywords
subject: Neuroendocrine prostate cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: linear plasticity
  topic: keywords
subject: NKX2-1
  topic: subjects
subject: FOXA2
  topic: subjects
subject: Neuroendocrine prostate cancer
  topic: subjects
subject: linear plasticity
  topic: subjects
subject: cancer biology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ka-wing Fong
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ka-wing Fong (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i4.24269

Effects of Interleukin-17 on Expression of CD40 and CD40L in T and B Cell Lines
type: item
description: Interleukin-17 (IL-17, also known as IL-17A) plays a role in immune regulation and pathogenesis of various diseases. Cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40) and its ligand CD40L are critical for T and B cell communications and activation of immune responses. This study investigated the effects of IL-17A on CD40L expression in Jurkat T cells and CD40 expression in Mino B cells. The cells were treated with IL-17A (40 ng/mL for Jurkat cells and 20 ng/mL for Mino cells) for durations ranging from 0 to 24 hours. Protein expression levels were assessed using Western blotting combined with densitometric analysis. IL-17A treatment resulted in an increase in CD40L expression in Jurkat cells, although this change did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). In contrast, CD40 expression in Mino cells was significantly decreased at 24 h compared to the control group (*P < 0.05). These findings indicate that IL-17A differentially regulates the expression of co-stimulatory molecules in T and B cells, potentially contributing to its modulatory effects on T–B cell interactions.
subject: Brief Reports
  topic: section
subject: Interleukin-17
  topic: keywords
subject: CD40
  topic: keywords
subject: CD40L
  topic: keywords
subject: T cell line
  topic: keywords
subject: B cell line
  topic: keywords
subject: immunology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Kunang Liu
creator: Kana Wang
creator: Lin Li
creator: Dongxia Ge
creator: Zongbing You
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kunang Liu, Kana Wang, Lin Li, Dongxia Ge, Zongbing You (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-06
publication date: 2025-10-06
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i4.24358

Emerging Mechanisms Linking High-Fat Diet and Endometrial Cancer: Insights into the Role of Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Dysregulation
type: item
description: High-fat diet (HFD) consumption has been recognized as a significant risk factor for the development of endometrial carcinoma (EC). Emerging research highlights gut microbiota as crucial mediators of HFD-induced systemic effects, which not only promote metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation but also lead to profound alterations in gut microbiota composition. These changes subsequently influence estrogen metabolism, inflammatory signaling pathways, and endometrial remodeling, thereby exacerbating cellular proliferation and atypical changes within the endometrium. The underlying mechanisms may involve dysbiotic shifts in intestinal flora that contribute to increased endotoxemia, compromised intestinal barrier function, and chronic low-grade inflammation. This review synthesizes current findings on how HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic dysregulation contribute to the pathogenesis of EC while highlighting potential preventive and therapeutic strategies.
subject: Review & Commentary
  topic: section
subject: High-fat diet
  topic: keywords
subject: Endometrial carcinoma
  topic: keywords
subject: Endometrial atypical hyperplasia
  topic: keywords
subject: Gut microbiota;
  topic: keywords
subject: Estrogen metabolism
  topic: keywords
subject: Inflammation
  topic: keywords
subject: Metabolic dysregulation
  topic: keywords
subject: High-fat diet; Endometrial carcinoma; Endometrial atypical hyperplasia; Gut microbiota; Estrogen metabolism; Inflammation; Metabolic dysregulation.
  topic: subjects
subject: microbiota and cancer
  topic: disciplines
creator: Kana Wang
creator: Kunang Liu
creator: Lin Li
creator: Dongxia Ge
creator: Zongbing You
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kana Wang, Kunang Liu, Lin Li, Dongxia Ge, Zongbing You (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-15
publication date: 2025-09-15
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i4.24349

2025 SAU Annual Meeting Report: Unraveling the Molecular Complexities of Urologic Malignancies
type: item
description: The 2025 Society of Academic Urologists (SAU) annual meeting was held during Jun 15-18, 2025, and showcased the latest discoveries in urologic oncology with a particular emphasis on prostate cancer biology, epigenetic regulation, immunotherapy, and novel therapeutic targets. Featuring an exceptional lineup of keynote speakers, scientific symposia, and interactive forums, the meeting provided a dynamic platform for the exchange of ideas among researchers, clinicians, and trainees dedicated to advancing urologic science and improving patient outcomes.
subject: Meeting Proceedings
  topic: section
subject: Prostate Cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: prostate cancer
  topic: disciplines
creator: Xiaoqi Liu
creator: Benyi Li
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Xiaoqi Liu, Benyi Li (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-18
publication date: 2025-08-18
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i4.24314

Accidental Trismus Leading to Failed Endotracheal Intubation and Abandoned Surgery Following Rapid Sequential Induction of General Anesthesia: A Case Report
type: item
description: A 64-year-old female patient, weighing 46 kg, 156 cm tall, and BMI of 18.9 kg/m², was scheduled to have the left tibial intramedullary needle under general anesthesia. General anesthesia induction was performed sequentially using sufentanyl 15 μg, propofol 120 mg, and cis-atracurium 10 mg intravenously. 2.5 minutes after good mask administration of oxygen by artificial ventilation, the anesthesiologist planned to intubate the trachea and found that her mandible and jaw joint were fixed, the masseter muscle was stiff, and the mouth could not open. Propofol 50 mg was added to deepen the anesthesia, which remained so. The surgery was cancelled. After waking up from anesthesia, the patient recovered her spontaneous mouth opening activity with a maximum mouth opening of 3.3 cm. During this period, the patient's nasopharyngeal body temperature monitoring was unchanged. In recent years, there have been a few cases of masseter muscle spasm (MMS) induced by general anesthesia, and the mechanism of which is still unclear. This sudden MMS after general anesthesia induction led to the anesthesiologist’s mental tension and failure of endotracheal intubation. In such an emergency, if the anesthesiologist's skills and associated equipment are inadequate, the patient should be decisively awakened from anesthesia and the abandoned operation.
subject: Case Reports
  topic: section
subject: general anesthesia induction, MMS, trismus, difficult airway, intubation failure
  topic: keywords
subject: Unexpected difficult airway
  topic: subjects
subject: Hospital
  topic: disciplines
creator: Runqiao Fu
creator: Xiaorong Cheng
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Runqiao Fu, Xiaorong Cheng (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-21
publication date: 2025-08-21
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i4.24281

USCACA/ASFC Youth Scholar and ASCO Travel Awards Ceremony Report (2025)
type: item
description: The U.S. Chinese Anti-Cancer Association (USCACA) held its 2025 Annual Awards Ceremonies in Chicago to honor outstanding young Chinese cancer researchers for their contributions to basic, translational, and clinical cancer research. The events took place during two major occasions: the 2025 ACACR/USCACA Joint Annual Meeting on April 26 and The China Summit during the 2025 ASCO Annual Meeting on June 1.
subject: Community News
  topic: section
subject: USCACA
  topic: keywords
subject: Youth Award
  topic: keywords
subject: Travel Award
  topic: keywords
subject: ASCO
  topic: keywords
subject: USCACA
  topic: subjects
subject: Youth Award
  topic: subjects
subject: Travel Award
  topic: subjects
subject: ASCO
  topic: subjects
subject: 2025
  topic: subjects
creator: USCACA
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 USCACA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-01
publication date: 2025-08-01
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i3.24134

Call for nomination 2025 USCACA/AFCR Youth Award
type: item
description: The USCACA Junior Faculty Awards will recognize 3 to 6 outstanding junior Chinese faculty for their significant contributions to translational or clinical cancer research. Eligibility is open to junior Chinese faculty currently engaged in translational or clinical cancer research, holding the rank of Associate Professor (or equivalent) in China, or Instructor or Assistant Professor (or equivalent) in the United States. In addition, candidates in China must have obtained training in the US and subsequently returned to China within the last three years or confirmed to return China by the end of 2025, and are currently active in (or will be continue their) translational and clinical cancer research in China.
subject: Community News
  topic: section
subject: Youth Award
  topic: keywords
subject: , USCACA
  topic: keywords
subject: Nomination
  topic: keywords
subject: nomination, youth award, USCACA
  topic: subjects
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-07-25
publication date: 2025-07-25
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i3.24133

Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Enzalutamide Resistance in Advanced Prostate Cancer
type: item
description: Enzalutamide, a second-generation androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor, has significantly improved outcomes for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, resistance to enzalutamide remains a significant clinical hurdle, driven by diverse mechanisms, including AR amplification, point mutations, and splice variants such as AR-V7, which sustain signaling despite AR inhibition. In parallel, bypass pathways, including glucocorticoid receptor activation, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, noncanonical Wnt activation, and lineage plasticity, contribute to AR-independent resistance. Nonetheless, the tumor microenvironment also plays a vital role in fostering immune evasion and suppressing cytotoxic immune responses. This review summarizes the current understanding of these resistance mechanisms and highlights emerging strategies to overcome them, including combination therapies targeting DNA repair (e.g., PARP inhibitors), epigenetic reprogramming (e.g., EZH2 inhibitors), and immune escape (e.g., checkpoint blockade or fulvestrant). Ongoing clinical trials and drug repurposing efforts, such as the use of artesunate or masofaniten, offer promising avenues for combating resistance. Ultimately, a precision medicine framework that integrates molecular diagnostics, biomarker-guided interventions, and rational drug combinations is essential to improve outcomes for patients with enzalutamide-resistant metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).
subject: Review & Commentary
  topic: section
subject: Prostate cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: prostate cancer
  topic: subjects
subject: Drug resistance
  topic: subjects
subject: Cancer Biology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Molecular Oncology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Xinyi Wang
creator: Zhiguo Li
creator: Xiaoqi Liu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Xinyi Wang, Zhiguo Li, Xiaoqi Liu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-06
publication date: 2025-08-06
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i4.24058

Interleukin-6 regulates expression of estrogen receptors in human colorectal cancer and acute T-cell leukemia cells
type: item
description: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in inflammation, immune regulation, and tumor progression. Estrogen receptors (ERs), particularly ERα and ER, play distinct roles in modulating immune responses and cancer development, yet their regulation by IL-6 in different cancer types remains incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of IL-6 on expression of ERα and ERβ in human colorectal cancer cells (HCT116) and acute T-cell leukemia cells (Jurkat). The cells were treated with recombinant human IL-6 (at a dosage of 100 ng/ml) for up to 24 hours, and changes in ER expression were assessed using Western blot analysis. We found that IL-6 treatment did not significantly alter ERα or ERβ levels in HCT116 cells, though a non-significant upward trend in ERβ expression was observed. In contrast, Jurkat cells exhibited a statistically significant increase in ERβ expression at 8 and 24 hours after IL-6 stimulation, while ERα expression remained unchanged. These findings suggest a cell-type-specific regulatory role of IL-6 in modulating estrogen receptor expression. The selective upregulation of ERβ in Jurkat cells implies a potential IL-6-ERβ signaling axis in T-cell leukemia, which may contribute to inflammation-driven leukemogenesis and warrants further mechanistic investigation.
subject: Brief Reports
  topic: section
subject: IL-6
  topic: keywords
subject: estrogen receptor
  topic: keywords
subject: leukemia
  topic: keywords
subject: colorectal cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: immune disease
  topic: keywords
subject: inflammation
  topic: keywords
subject: IL-6, estrogen receptor, leukemia, colorectal cancer, immune disease, inflammation
  topic: subjects
subject: Medicine
  topic: disciplines
creator: Yue Liu
creator: Zongbing You
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Yue Liu, Zongbing You (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-01
publication date: 2025-08-01
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i4.24010

Interactions between Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Estrogen Receptors in Endometrial Cancer
type: item
description: Endometrial cancer (EC) is a hormone-driven malignancy in which estrogen receptor (ER) signaling plays a central role. Meanwhile, chronic inflammation, particularly mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-17 (IL-17), has emerged as a key contributor to endometrial cancer progression. This review examines the interplay between IL-6, IL-17, and estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) in endometrial cancer cells, highlighting how these cytokines regulate ER expression and function through multiple signaling pathways, including the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. IL-6 and IL-17 have been shown to upregulate ERα and suppress ERβ, thereby enhancing estrogen-mediated tumor proliferation and potentially contributing to hormonal therapy resistance. Moreover, evidence suggests a bidirectional feedback loop in which estrogen signaling further amplifies cytokine production, creating a self-sustaining inflammatory environment that promotes tumor progression. Understanding this cytokine–ER crosstalk provides novel insights into endometrial cancer pathogenesis and reveals potential therapeutic targets. Strategies that combine endocrine therapy with anti-inflammatory agents or cytokine pathway inhibitors may help overcome resistance and improve clinical outcomes in selected patients. Further mechanistic studies and clinical trials are needed to validate the prognostic and therapeutic relevance of IL-6 and IL-17 in hormone-responsive endometrial cancer.
subject: Review & Commentary
  topic: section
subject: Endometrial cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: ERalpha
  topic: keywords
subject: ERbeta
  topic: keywords
subject: Interleukin-6
  topic: keywords
subject: Interleukin-17
  topic: keywords
subject: Inflammation
  topic: keywords
subject: Hormone signaling
  topic: keywords
subject: Tumor microenvironment
  topic: keywords
subject: Endometrial cancer; ERα; ERβ; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-17; Inflammation; Hormone signaling; Tumor microenvironment.
  topic: subjects
subject: Medicine
  topic: disciplines
creator: Lin Li
creator: Kana Wang
creator: Kunang Liu
creator: Sayed Ala Moududee
creator: Dongxia Ge
creator: Zongbing You
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Lin Li, Kana Wang, Kunang Liu, Sayed Ala Moududee, Dongxia Ge, Zongbing You (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-01
publication date: 2025-08-01
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i4.24036

A Review of Sipuleucel-T in Combination with Other Therapies for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
type: item
description: Recent research has expanded the therapeutic landscape for sipuleucel-T by introducing several combination treatments. These include innovative hormone therapies (enzalutamide and abiraterone), immunomodulatory agents (including IL-15, IL-7, atezolizumab, ipilimumab, and indoximod), DNA vaccines, and radiopharmaceuticals, many of which have demonstrated enhanced clinical outcomes and received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These combination therapies present novel opportunities to enhance patient survival and quality of life. Sipuleucel-T, a significant autologous cell immunotherapy, was approved by the FDA in 2010 for the treatment of patients with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Integration of sipuleucel-T with other therapeutic modalities holds promise for advancing mCRPC treatment. Nevertheless, the optimal sequencing and combination strategies for sipuleucel-T with other therapies remain under investigation, with numerous clinical trials currently exploring new treatment paradigms. Incorporation of these therapies, particularly to develop more effective and personalized treatment strategies, necessitates additional research. Future studies should aim to ascertain the optimal timing and sequencing of treatments and to identify biomarkers that can predict treatment responses, thereby enhancing outcomes for patients with mCRPC. This review underscores potential strategies for the integration of sipuleucel-T with other therapies and examines their therapeutic potential in mCRPC.
subject: Review & Commentary
  topic: section
subject: prostate cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: mCRPC
  topic: keywords
subject: sipeuleucel-T
  topic: keywords
subject: combination therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: prostate cancer, mCRPC, sipuleucel-T, combination therapy.
  topic: subjects
subject: cancer immunology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ye Wang
creator: Fenghong Cao
creator: Zhiyong Zhang
creator: Xuemei Li
creator: Xiaobing Dou
creator: Yuchen Liu
creator: Zongbing You
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ye Wang, Fenghong Cao, Zhiyong Zhang, Xuemei Li, Xiaobing Dou, Yuchen Liu, Zongbing You (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-09
publication date: 2025-06-09
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i3.23753

A Review of the Pharmacological Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract
type: item
description: As an extract from a traditional medicinal plant, ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) has complex chemical components and diverse pharmacological activities that have always been a research hotspot in the medical field. This article systematically reviews the main components and extraction processes of GBE. From multiple aspects such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection, neural regulation, intervention in metabolic diseases, and respiratory system protection, this review explores GBE’s pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action, combined with clinical research and experimental data. Further, this review analyzes the research progress of GBE in antibacterial activity, drug interactions, and safety evaluation, aiming to provide a comprehensive theoretical reference for clinical application and subsequent research of GBE.
subject: Review & Commentary
  topic: section
subject: Ginkgo Biloba Extract
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmacological Effects
  topic: keywords
subject: Clinical Application
  topic: keywords
subject: Mechanism of Action; Safety
  topic: keywords
subject: Ginkgo Biloba Extract; Pharmacological Effects; Clinical Application; Mechanism of Action; Safety
  topic: subjects
subject: Chinese Materia Medica
  topic: disciplines
creator: shanwen you
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 shanwen you (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-01
publication date: 2025-08-01
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i4.23966

Case Report: An Exploration of Cadaveric Anatomical Anomalies
type: item
description: In the gross anatomy laboratory at the Tulane University School of Medicine, our group of six Anatomy Master’s Degree students observed several anatomical and pathological findings in a female cadaver. The dissectors were provided with dissection equipment including forceps, hemostats, blunt probes, and scalpels to study the cadaver. Some notable discoveries included severe scoliosis, an ossified lumbar mass, extensive abdominal adhesions, a duodenal stent, a biliary stent, a hysterectomy and oophorectomy procedure, and medical devices such as a subclavian chemotherapy port and ureteral stents. The scoliosis appeared to be caused by the ossified mass spanning the length of her lumbar spine. Histopathological analysis revealed osteoid tissue which indicated a possible diagnosis of osteosarcoma. The subclavian chemotherapy port was found in the supine position within the right superior thoracic region, leading us to speculate a malignant nature of the lumbar mass. During abdominal dissection, reflection of the anterior abdominal wall was difficult due to the many abdominal adhesions found throughout the peritoneal cavity. The greater omentum was unable to be observed due to the adhesions. Dissection of the intraperitoneal organs revealed abnormal coloration of the gallbladder and cystic duct. After identifying the organs of the gastrointestinal tract with multiple intestinal adhesions, a duodenal stent was revealed in the descending duodenum. A second stent was identified in the bile duct, suggesting that it had been placed to alleviate biliary obstruction or pancreatitis due to complications of the duodenal stent placement. During the pelvic cavity dissection, the dissectors noticed a complete hysterectomy and oophorectomy. It is unknown whether the procedure was done to prevent further complications in the treatment of the lumbar mass, or if it was done prior to the formation of the lumbar mass. Dissection of the retroperitoneal space revealed that both kidneys had …
subject: Case Reports
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Cadaveric study; malignant gastric outlet obstruction; anatomical anomalies; duodenal stent; osteosarcoma; gross anatomy; biliary stent; postmortem pathology; anatomical structures; scoliosis; medical dissection; meningioma.
subject: case report
  topic: subjects
subject: Cadaveric Dissection
  topic: subjects
subject: Medical Oncology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Anatomy
  topic: disciplines
subject: Histology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Pathology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Madison Haggard
creator: Noah LaBruyere
creator: Vy Nguyen
creator: Rylie Shook
creator: Wyatt Turner
creator: Yazen Zaben
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Madison Haggard, Noah LaBruyere, Vy Nguyen, Rylie Shook, Wyatt Turner, Yazen Zaben (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-12
publication date: 2025-05-12
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i3.23925

Effects of Different Processing Methods on the Content of Rutin and Tannin in Sophora japonica Herb Medicine
type: item
description: Objective: To investigate the effects of different processing methods on the content of rutin and tannin in Sophora japonica herb medicine (Chinese herb medicine name: Huai Mi or Huai Hua). Methods: Huai Mi was processed with different methods. Tannin content was determined using potassium permanganate titration method. Rutin content was quantified using ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Results: The tannin content was the highest in stir-fried-to-coke samples (1.87%), while the highest rutin content was observed in stir-fried-to-yellow samples (0.134%). The stir-fried-to-ash samples had the lowest contents of both rutin and tannin. Conclusion: Processing methods critically impact the contents of bioactive compounds in Sophora japonica herb medicine. Optimizing these methods may enhance medicinal efficacy and utilization
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: Sophora japonica
  topic: keywords
subject: Huai Mi
  topic: keywords
subject: Processing methods
  topic: keywords
subject: Tannin
  topic: keywords
subject: Rutin
  topic: keywords
subject: Chinese herb medicine.
  topic: keywords
subject: Sophora japonica; Huai Mi; Processing methods; Tannin; Rutin; Chinese herb medicine.
  topic: subjects
subject: medicine
  topic: disciplines
creator: Shanwen You
creator: Yingjie Fu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Shanwen You, Yingjie Fu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-16
publication date: 2025-05-16
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i3.23863

Unraveling the Role of N6-Methyladenosine in Prostate Cancer: Implications for Prognosis and Tumor Aggression
type: item
description: The epitranscriptomic modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has emerged as a central regulator of RNA metabolism, influencing diverse physiological and pathological processes. As the most abundant RNA modification in eukaryotic cells, m6A dynamically modulates gene expression by regulating RNA processing, stability, and translation. Dysregulation of m6A has been implicated in key oncogenic processes, including tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, therapy resistance, and interactions within the tumor microenvironment. Despite these advances, the role of m6A in prostate cancer remains poorly understood, highlighting the need for further investigation. In a recent study, Xu et al. utilized refined m6A meRIP-seq to profile 162 primary prostate cancer patient samples, unveiling novel insights into the epitranscriptomic landscape of this malignancy. These findings not only enhance our understanding of m6A regulation in cancer biology but also underscore its potential to inform diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer.
subject: Review & Commentary
  topic: section
subject: prostate cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: N6-methyladenosine
  topic: keywords
subject: RNA methylation
  topic: keywords
subject: epigenetics
  topic: keywords
subject:
  topic: subjects
  value: This commentary provides an in-depth discussion of the study *“The Landscape of N6-Methyladenosine in Localized Primary Prostate Cancer”*, analyzing its findings on the role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in prostate cancer and their implications for prognosis and tumor aggressiveness.
subject: Cancer Biology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Epigenetics
  topic: disciplines
subject: Transcriptomics
  topic: disciplines
subject: Oncology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Xin Xu
creator: Xinqiao Zheng
creator: Housheng He
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Xin Xu, Xinqiao Zheng, Housheng Hansen He (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-01
publication date: 2025-05-01
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i3.23747

Mushroom Polysaccharides as Natural Modulators of IL-17: Implications for Gut Microbiota, Autoimmune Diseases and Cancer Therapy
type: item
description: Interleukin-17 (IL-17, also known as IL-17A) is a member of the pro-inflammatory cytokine family that plays a pivotal role in immune defense, inflammatory responses, and tissue homeostasis. It contributes to host protection, autoimmune diseases, and cancer progression. Recent studies have highlighted the critical role of gut microbiota in immune regulation and tumor progression. Alterations in its composition can disrupt protective mechanisms, increase infection risk, and elevate the likelihood of metabolic and immune-related diseases. Mushroom polysaccharides are biological macromolecules extracted from the fruiting bodies, mycelia, or fermentation broth of mushrooms. These compounds achieve anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and immune-regulatory effects by modulating gut microbiota, increasing short-chain fatty acid production, enhancing intestinal mucosal barrier function, regulating lipid metabolism, and activating specific signaling pathways. Mushroom polysaccharides have been shown to regulate IL-17 both directly through key signaling pathways and indirectly by modulating gut microbiota, thereby influencing immune-related diseases and tumor progression. Therefore, mushroom polysaccharides, acting as natural regulators of IL-17, possess extensive application potentials in cancer therapy and immune disease management.
subject: Review & Commentary
  topic: section
subject: Mushroom Polysaccharides
  topic: keywords
subject: IL-17
  topic: keywords
subject: Gut Microbiota
  topic: keywords
subject: Autoimmune Disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Mushroom Polysaccharides, IL-17, Gut Microbiota, Autoimmune Disease, Cancer.
  topic: subjects
subject: medicine
  topic: disciplines
creator: Kunang Liu
creator: Kana Wang
creator: Zongbing You
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kunang Liu, Kana Wang, Zongbing You (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-01
publication date: 2025-05-01
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i3.23729

Novel Roles of Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Protein TOMM20 in Prostate Cancer
type: item
description: Commentary
subject: Review & Commentary
  topic: section
subject: Mitochondrial outer membrane protein 20
  topic: subjects
subject: Natural Sciences
  topic: disciplines
creator: Linglong Yin
creator: Xiong Li
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Linglong Yin, Xiong Li (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-24
publication date: 2025-03-24
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i2.23724

Aurora kinase A in urological cancers
type: item
description: Aurora kinases are a family of serine/threonine kinases of whom function to preserve the integrity and fidelity of chromosomal segregation. In mammals, aurora kinase A (AurkA) is vital to the mitotic phase of the cell cycle as a consequence of its spatial and timely interactions with various types of cell cycle substrates. Since AurkA is present in all of the mammalian somatic cell cycles, it is also detectable in many different types and stages of cancers. Specific activation sites, feedback loops, and substrate interactions have been identified and linked to the progression of urological cancers. It is inarguable that the slightest hint of disorder among AurkA can disrupt the cell cycle’s ability to regulate the growth and progression of cells in all conditions due to its direct interactions with tumor suppressing molecules. Discovering that AurkA interacts with FOXO3a, PLK1, TPX2, TPX2, SPOP, YBX1 and CXCR7 in ways that were unknown before 2019 has revealed new targeted treatment options that may surpass current methodology in efficiency and length of remission. The aim of this paper is to highlight AurkA’s oncogenic role in urological cancers, in addition to emphasizing newfound pathways and mechanisms that introduce the prostate cancer research field to more options for therapeutic approaches.
subject: Review & Commentary
  topic: section
subject: urological cancer, phosphorylation, aurora kinase
  topic: subjects
subject: urological cancer
  topic: disciplines
creator: Jennifer Grasso1
creator: Cheng Zhang
creator: Ka-wing Fong
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jennifer Grasso, Cheng Zhang, Ka-wing Fong (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-04
publication date: 2025-08-04
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i3.23694

Appropriate normalization is critical to improve reproducibility of tissue ChIP-seq
type: item
description: Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq) is a powerful technology for studying genetic and epigenetic regulation. However, ChIP-seq data can be heavily affected by variations in chromatin amount and composition, ChIP enrichment, library preparation, and sequencing depth, affecting its overall reproducibility across biological replicates. Here, we evaluated four ChIP-seq normalization methods utilizing triplicate Foxa1 ChIP-seq data performed in prostate cancer tissues from three mice. We found that count-per-million (CPM) normalization, although not affecting peak calling in individual samples, is very useful for visualization and comparison of peak distribution and intensity across samples. By contrast, equal-read normalization improves both peak identification and intensity comparison. Moreover, spike-in normalization took advantage of spike-in chromatin ChIP to correct technical variations in ChIP-seq, including ChIP enrichment, sample preparation, and sequencing. Lastly, input-adjusted spike-in normalization further accounts for differences in input chromatin amount across samples, which is especially crucial for tissue ChIP-seq that often starts with different amounts of input chromatin. Overall, our study demonstrated that appropriate normalization is essential to improve the reproducibility and comparability of ChIP-seq experiments and highlighted the importance of input-adjusted spike-in normalization for tissue ChIP-seq.
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: ChIP-seq
  topic: keywords
subject: CPM
  topic: keywords
subject: prostate cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: HOMER
  topic: keywords
subject: SPIKE-IN
  topic: keywords
subject: Chip-seq
  topic: subjects
subject: Normalization
  topic: subjects
subject: Prstate Cancer Research
  topic: disciplines
creator: Qi Chu
creator: Liu Peng
creator: Lourdes Brea
creator: Viriya Keo
creator: Xiaodong Lu
creator: Jindan Yu
creator: Jonathan Zhao
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Qi Chu, Liu Peng, Lourdes Brea, Viriya Keo, Xiaodong Lu, Jindan Yu, Jonathan Zhao (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-02
publication date: 2025-05-02
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i3.23692

Long-Read Sequencing Outperforms Short-Read Sequencing in Detecting Most Structural Variations
type: item
description: Structural variations (SV) are common in the cancer genome and play critical roles in regulating tumorigenesis. In the past decades, many SVs have been detected through analyses of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data generated mainly by Illumina paired-end short-read sequencing (SRS). Recent advances in long-read sequencing (LRS) techniques provide exciting opportunities for SV detection. However, a comprehensive analysis of the pros and cons of LRS and SRS in detecting SVs in a cancer genome is still lacking. Here, we performed WGS of the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line through LRS using the Oxford Nanopore Technology and called main SVs, which were compared to those derived from publicly available LNCaP SRS data. Strikingly, LRS is superior in detecting insertions of all sizes and deletions of <1000 bp long, whereas SRS is very useful in capturing long deletions, taking advantage of its paired-end reads. LRS identified more precise breakpoints of detected SVs. In addition, we found that SRS called many duplications and inversions, most of which were not confirmed by LRS, likely due to ambiguity in SRS read alignment to repetitive regions, leading to errors in SV calling. In conclusion, LRS outperformed SRS in detecting most SVs, except deletions longer than LRS read lengths. Our study highlights the advantages of LRS in resolving complex genomic rearrangements and underscores its potential for improving SV detection in cancer genomics.
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: LRS
  topic: keywords
subject: SRS
  topic: keywords
subject: NGS
  topic: keywords
subject: prostate cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Nanopore
  topic: keywords
subject: OTN
  topic: keywords
subject: SV
  topic: keywords
subject: SV
  topic: subjects
subject: Structural Variations
  topic: subjects
creator: Xinyue Chen
creator: Xiaodong Lu
creator: Xianglin Sh
creator: Shaojun Yu
creator: Jonathan Zhao
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Xinyue Chen, Xiaodong Lu, Xianglin Sh, Shaojun Yu, Jonathan Zhao (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-24
publication date: 2025-03-24
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i2.23671

Impact of Nanopore Flow Cell Types on DNA Methylation Detection
type: item
description: Third-generation sequencing technologies have revolutionized the study of epigenetic characteristics in human diseases, with Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) at the forefront of long-read sequencing. ONT has made rapid improvements in flow cell designs, which greatly increased its sequencing accuracy but, at the same time, led to some projects utilizing different flow cell types, mainly R9 vs. R10, across samples. Whether and how the flow cell types affect genome-wide DNA methylation detection remains incompletely understood. Here, we used both flow cell types to analyze 6 human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) samples and compared the results. While there was a highly significant correlation between 5-methylcytosine (5mC) detected by R9 and R10 flow cells, we also observed substantial differences. R9 flow cells over-estimated 5mC levels at hypomethylated chromatin regions, mostly at promoters, while under-estimated 5mC at hypermethylated chromatin regions, enriched at intronic and intergenic regions. Such deviations in detection were likely caused by substantially lower sequencing accuracy of R9 flow cells, due to its mechanics, especially having problems sequencing homopolymeric DNA elements, such as CpG islands, leading to both higher false-positive and false-negative detections. Interestingly, such systematic errors were largely mitigated by batch-correction software, improving data comparability. In summary, our study reports superior performance of R10 flow cells, leading to much higher accuracy in base sequencing and DNA methylation detection.
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: DNA methylation
  topic: keywords
subject: RCC
  topic: keywords
subject: 5mC
  topic: keywords
subject: long read sequencing
  topic: keywords
subject: ONT
  topic: keywords
subject: Nanopore
  topic: keywords
subject: DND methylation
  topic: subjects
subject: Nanopore Long Read sequencing
  topic: subjects
creator: Xianglin Shi
creator: Xiaodong Lu
creator: Xinyue Chen
creator: Shaojun Yu
creator: Rebecca Arnold
creator: Viraj Master
creator: Jonathan Zhao
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Xianglin Shi, Xiaodong Lu, Xinyue Chen, Shaojun Yu, Rebecca Arnold, Viraj Master, Jonathan Zhao (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-26
publication date: 2025-03-26
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i2.23664

T Cell Immunity in Pathogenesis, Progression, and Malignant Transformation of Endometriosis
type: item
description: Endometriosis is a common gynecological condition characterized by special features such as invasive growth, recurrence, and potential distant metastasis. Recent studies indicate an increasing incidence of malignant transformation of endometriosis. The mechanisms underlying the occurrence, progression, and malignancy of endometriosis are multifactorial, involving genetic alterations, environmental factors, hormonal imbalances, and immuno-inflammatory responses. Various T cell subsets play crucial roles in regulating immune responses and influencing disease progression and malignant risk. CD4+ T cells, including T helper (Th) cells (Th1, Th2, and Th17), regulatory T (Treg) cells, follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, and Th9 cells, alongside CD8+ T cells are essential for maintaining the immune microenvironment in endometriosis. Disruption of the balance among these T cell subtypes can promote chronic inflammation, immune evasion, and tissue remodeling that may facilitate malignant transformation. Therapeutic strategies targeting T cell function or restoring immune homeostasis hold promise for managing endometriosis through immunomodulation or checkpoint blockade therapy to prevent its malignant progression. This article reviews the role of T cells in the malignant transformation of endometriosis and proposes potential immunoregulatory treatment approaches.
subject: Review & Commentary
  topic: section
subject: Endometriosis
  topic: keywords
subject: malignant transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: CD4+ T cells
  topic: keywords
subject: CD8+ T cells
  topic: keywords
subject: immune microenvironment
  topic: keywords
subject: T cell imbalance; immunotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Endometriosis; malignant transformation; endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer; CD4+ T cells; CD8+ T cells; immune microenvironment; T cell imbalance; immunotherapy.
  topic: subjects
subject: medicine
  topic: disciplines
creator: Kana Wang
creator: Kunang Liu
creator: Zelan Liao
creator: Zongbing You
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kana Wang, Kunang Liu, Zelan Liao, Zongbing You (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-18
publication date: 2025-03-18
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i2.23662

Safety Evaluation of Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Based on CHPS：A single institution retrospective study
type: item
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: review
  topic: disciplines
creator: Shuke Long
creator: Jinping Wang
creator: Haixia Xu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Shuke Long, Jinping Wang, Haixia Xu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-12
publication date: 2025-05-12
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i3.23382

The Safety and Protective Effects of Intravitreal Injection of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Rat Model of Retinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
type: item
description: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and protective effects of intravitreal injection of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) in a rat model of retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced by anterior chamber perfusion. Methods: Two weeks after induction of I/R injury, rats received a single intravitreal injection of human ADMSCs at doses of 2×10⁴ cells or 5×10⁴ cells suspended in 3 μL saline. Control rats received 3 μL saline or no injection. Retinal and optic nerve changes were assessed at two weeks after injection using immunofluorescence, hematoxylin and eosin staining, toluidine blue staining, and polymerase chain reaction to evaluate inflammation-related and neurotrophic factors. Results: Intravitreal injection of human ADMSCs significantly reduced the number of apoptotic retinal ganglion cells after I/R injury, preserved the ganglion cell layer, and increased expression of neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and insulin-like growth factor 1. The high-dose group (receiving 5×10⁴ cells) demonstrated superior neuroprotective effects compared to the low-dose group (receiving 2×10⁴ cells) as evidenced by less retinal ganglion cell apoptosis. In addition, histopathological analysis revealed localized tissue remodeling and increased microglial infiltration, particularly in the low-dose group. Conclusion: The safety of intravitreal human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation requires further investigation, particularly with regard to potential proliferative responses and their long-term effects. In addition, the optimal dosage of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells needs to be explored to balance therapeutic efficacy and minimize adverse outcomes. which was associated with structural retinal damage. In addition, the high-dose group exhibited a potential risk of inflammation or maladaptive changes.
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: ischemia/reperfusion
  topic: keywords
subject: stem cells
  topic: keywords
subject: intravitreal injection
  topic: keywords
creator: Baiyu Hu
creator: Jing Shu
creator: Hanying Fan
creator: Mei Xin
creator: Liuzhi Zeng
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Baiyu Hu, Jing Shu, Hanying Fan, Mei Xin, Liuzhi Zeng, MD (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-02-24
publication date: 2025-02-24
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i2.23642

Disparities in Response to the All of Us Research Program COVID-19 Participant Experience (COPE) Survey
type: item
description: This study demonstrated the successful longitudinal recruitment of a large number of diverse participants to the COPE survey in a very short time, empowered by the All of Us Research Program, its infrastructure, and databases. Despite the disparity of response rates across demographic groups, the data collected in the COPE surveys will enable researchers to investigate how the pandemic differentially affects diverse populations and their health status across the United States. Additionally, the findings highlight the need for future research aimed at improving response rates among underrepresented groups, ensuring the All of Us Research Program achieves its goals of diversity and inclusivity in research.
subject: Review & Commentary
  topic: section
subject: research recruitment
  topic: subjects
subject: health policy
  topic: disciplines
creator: Sophia Zhao
creator: Zhuo Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sophia Zhao, Zhuo Chen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-02-26
publication date: 2025-02-26
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i2.23570

The hTERT N-terminal DNA binding is necessary but not sufficient for maintaining telomere and cellular immortalization
type: item
description: Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase that adds telomeric DNA repeats at the end of chromosomes and prevents senescence, apoptosis and genome instability. The core components of TERT are a catalytic protein subunit, the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and an RNA subunit, the telomerase RNA (TR). The N-terminus of TERT has been implicated in processive DNA synthesis that is facilitated by telomere-binding domains in TERT called anchor sites. In this study, we characterized three evolutionarily conserved residues in human TERT, G145, Q169 and G172. We performed site-directed mutagenesis and created hTERT G145A, Q169A and G172A mutants. All three hTERT mutants were not able to immortalize human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) and maintain telomere length in cells. The G145A mutant did not abrogate hTERT enzymatic activity, while Q169 and G172 mutants exhibited severely reduced levels and enzymatic activity. When compared to wild type hTERT, the G145 mutant still could interact with telomeric DNA in cells. In contrast, substitutions of Q169 and G172 impaired the interaction between hTERT and telomeres in cells. Thus, characterization of these three conserved residue mutants in GQ motif suggested that the hTERT N-terminal DNA binding is necessary for telomerase function, but not sufficient for maintaining telomere length and immortalizing cells.
subject: Original Research
  topic: section
subject: Telomerase, telomeres, cell immortalization, DNA-binding, RNA Binding domain, human primary cells
  topic: keywords
subject: Telomerase, telomeres, cell immortalization, DNA-binding, RNA Binding domain, human primary cells
  topic: subjects
creator: Renxiang Chen
creator: Guangzhao Li
creator: Aleksandra Dakic
creator: Yun-Ling Zheng
creator: Jenny Li
creator: Xuefeng Liu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Renxiang Chen, Guangzhao Li, Aleksandra Dakic, Yun-Ling Zheng, Jenny Li, Xuefeng Liu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-12
publication date: 2025-03-12
doi: 10.17161/sjm.v2i2.23517