What are the important landscape components for habitat selection of the ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana in northern limit of range?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1515/eje-2015-0003Keywords:
Emberiza Hortulana, crop characteristics, Estonia, habitat preference, landscape elementsAbstract
Ortolan buntings Emberiza hotulana have undergone one of the most severe population declines of any European farmland bird over the last thirty years. The aim of this study was to find out which habitat features, including crop characteristics, ortolan bunting prefers in Estonia in breeding areas. This study compared currently occupied and unoccupied ortolan bunting territories. Occupied areas contained significantly more tall broadleaf trees, crop types, structural elements (trees, bushes, roads, overhead power lines and buildings) and spring wheat, but also had lower crop drilling densities. Ortolan bunting territories were best described by a logistic regression model containing six variables: amount of structural point elements, length of power lines, amount of tall broadleaf trees and number of different crops had a positive effect, whereas crop density and area of autumn-sown crops had a negative effect. Based on the findings of this study, the following conservation measures can be recommended: lower crop densities; spring rather than autumn-sown crops; small-field systems containing a variety of crops; scattered scrub preserved or planted; habitat patches of permanent grasslands, hedges and tall broadleaf trees retained within the agricultural landscape.
References
Bartoń, K. (2013) MuMIn: Multi-model inference. R package version 1.9.13. Retrieved from http://CRAN.R-project.org/ package=MuMIn
Google Scholar
Batáry, P., Matthiesen, T. & Tscharntke, T. (2010) Landscape-moderated importance of hedges in conserving farmland bird diversity of organic vs. conventional croplands and grasslands. Biological Conservation, 143, 2020-2027
Google Scholar
Bellenhaus, V. (2007) Die Habitatpräferenzen des Ortolans (Emberiza hortulana) in der Prignitz. Diplomarbeit, Westfälische Wilhelms- Universität Münster
Google Scholar
Benton, T. G., Vickery, J. A. & Wilson, J. D. (2003) Farmland biodiversity: is habitat heterogeneity the key? Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 18, 182-188
Google Scholar
Berg, Å. (2008) Habitat selection and reproductive success of Ortolan Buntings Emberiza hortulana on farmland in central Sweden – the importance of habitat heterogeneity. Ibis, 150, 565-573
Google Scholar
Bernardy, P., Dziewiaty, K., Spalik, S. & Südbeck, P. (2008) Was charakterisiert ein „gutes“ Ortolan Emberiza hortulana-Revier? – Eine Analyse als Grundlage für Schutzbemühungen. Vogelkundliche Berichte aus Niedersachsen, 40, 127-138
Google Scholar
Billeter, R., Liira, J., Bailey, D., Bugter, R., Arens, P., Augenstein, I., Aviron, S., Baudry, J., Bukacek, R., Burel, F., Cerny, M., De Blust, G., De Cock, R., Diekötter, T., Dietz, H., Dirksen, J., Dormann, C., DFrenzel, M., Hamersky, R., Hendrickx, F., Herzog, F., Klotz, S., Koolstra, B., Lausch, A., Le Coeur, D., Maelfait, J. P., Opdam, P., Roubalova, M., Schermann, A., Schmidt, T., Schweiger, O., Smulders, M.J.M., Speelmans, M., Simova, P., Verboom, J., Van Wingerden, W.K.R.E., Zobel, M. & Edwards, P.J. (2008) Indicators for biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: a pan-European study. Journal of Applied Ecology, 45, 141-150
Google Scholar
Catchpole, C. K. & Slater, P. J. (2003) Bird song: biological themes and variations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Google Scholar
Conrads, K. (1969) Beobachtungen am Ortolan (Emberiza hortulana L.) in der Brutzeit. Journal of Ornithology, 110, 379-420
Google Scholar
Dale, S. (2000) The importance of farmland for Ortolan Buntings nesting on raised peat bogs. Ornis Fennica, 77, 17-25
Google Scholar
Dale, S. & Olsen, B.F.G. (2002) Use of farmland by Ortolan Buntings (Emberiza hortulana) nesting on a burned forest area. Journal of Ornithology, 143, 133-144
Google Scholar
Danzl, A. & Lentner, R. (2009) Ökologie einer isolierten Ortolan Population im Tiroler Inntal, Österreich. In: Bernardy, P.: Ökologie und Schutz des Ortolans (Emberiza hortulana) in Europa – IV. Internationales Ortolan-Symposium. Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege in Niedersachsen. Heft, 45, 50-56
Google Scholar
DeLong, E.R., DeLong, D.M. & Clarke-Pearson, D.L. (1988) Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a non parametric approach. Biometrics, 44, 837-845
Google Scholar
Deutsch, M. & Südbeck, P. (2009) Habitat choice in Ortolan Bunting – the importance of crop type and structure. In: Bernardy, P.: Ökologie und Schutz des Ortolans (Emberiza hortulana) in Europa – IV. Internationales Ortolan-Symposium. Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege in Niedersachsen. Heft, 45, 64-74
Google Scholar
Donald, P. F., Green, R. E. & Heath, M. (2001) Agricultural intensification and the collapse of Europe‘s farmland bird populations. Proceedings of the Royal Society London, Series B, 268, 25-29
Google Scholar
Douglas, D. J., Vickery, J. A. & Benton, T. G. (2009) Improving the value of field margins as foraging habitat for farmland birds. Journal of Applied Ecology, 46, 353-362
Google Scholar
Dray, S. & Dufour, A.B. (2007) The ade4 package: implementing the duality diagram for ecologists. Journal of Statistical Software, 22, 1-20
Google Scholar
EEA (2007) CLC2006 technical guidelines. Copenhagen, European Environment Agency: 70
Google Scholar
Elts, J. & Lõhmus, A. (2012) What do we lack in agri-environment schemes? The case of farmland birds in Estonia. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 156, 89-93
Google Scholar
Elts, J., Leito, A., Leivits, A., Luigujõe, L., Mägi, E., Nellis, R., Ots, M. & Pehlak, H. (2013) Status and numbers of Estonian Birds, 2008– 2012. Hirundo, 26, 80-112. (in Estonian, with English summary) Estonian eBiodiversity database. (2013) Retrieved from http://elurikkus. ut.ee/ kirjeldus.php?lang=est&id=172542&rank=70&id_ puu=172542&rank_puu=70
Google Scholar
European Bird Census Council. (2015) Retrieved from http://www. ebcc.info/pecbm.html
Google Scholar
Fitzgibbon, C. D. (1997) Small mammals in farm woodlands: the effects of habitat, isolation and surrounding land-use patterns. Journal of Applied Ecology, 34, 530-539
Google Scholar
Fonderflick, J., Thévenot, M., Guillaume, C.P. (2005) Habitat of the ortolan bunting Emberiza Hortulana on a Causse in southern France. Vie et Milieu, 55, 109-120
Google Scholar
Freckleton, R. (2002) On the misuse of residuals in ecology: regression of residuals versus multiple regression, Journal of Animal Ecology, 71, 542-545
Google Scholar
Fuller, R. J., Hinsley, S. A. & Swetnam, R. D. (2004) The relevance of nonfarmland habitats, uncropped areas and habitat diversity to the conservation of farmland birds. Ibis, 146, 22-31
Google Scholar
Goławski, A. & Dombrowski, A. (2002) Habitat use of Yellowhammers Emberiza citrinella, Ortolan Buntings E. hortulana, and Corn Buntings Miliaria calandra in farmland of east-central Poland. Ornis Fennica, 79, 164-172
Google Scholar
Green, R. E., Tyler, G. A. & Bowden, C. G. R. (2000) Habitat selection, ranging behaviour and diet of the stone curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus) in southern England. Journal of Zoology, 250, 161-183
Google Scholar
Gues, M. & Pürckhauer, C. (2011) Brachefenster in Wintergetreide: eine Hilfe für den stark gefährdeten Ortolan Emberiza hortulana? Vogelwelt, 132, 81-92
Google Scholar
Herzon, I., Auninš, A., Elts, J. & Preikša, Z. (2008) Intensity of agricultural land-use and farmland birds in the Baltic States. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment ,125, 93-100
Google Scholar
Hiron, M., Berg, Å., Eggers, S. & Pärt, T. (2013) Are farmsteads overlooked biodiversity hotspots in intensive agricultural ecosystems? Biological Conservation, 159, 332-342
Google Scholar
Hänel, K. (2004) Zur Populationsstruktur und Habitatpräferenz des Ortolans (Emberiza hortulana). Mitteilungen des Vereins Sächsischer Ornithologen, 9, 1-41
Google Scholar
Karban, R. & Ricklefs, R. E. (1983) Host characteristics, sampling intensity, and species richness of Lepidoptera larvae on broad-leaved tress in southern Ontario. Ecology, 64, 636-641
Google Scholar
Kass, R. E. & Raftery, A. E. (1995) Bayes factors. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90, 773-795
Google Scholar
Koorberg, P. (2009) High Nature Value Farming in Estonia: situation analysis. MSc thesis. Estonian University of Life Sciences. (In Estonian, with English summary)
Kurlavičius, P. (2003) Vadovas Lietuvos paukščiams pažinti. Lututė, Vilnius Lefranc, N. (1997) Shrikes and the farmed landscape in France. In Farming and Birds in Europe: The Common Agricultural Policy and its Implications for Bird Conservation, Vol. 1 (ed. Pain, D.J. & Pienkowski, M.W.), pp 236-268. Academic Press, London
Maa-amet (2011) Estonian Base Map 1:10 000. Estonia, Tallinn.
Magyar, G. (2009) Übersicht der Bestandsentwicklung des Ortolans (Emberiza hortulana) in Ungarn zwischen 1995 und 2006. In: Bernardy, P.: Ökologie und Schutz des Ortolans (Emberiza hortulana) in Europa – IV. Internationales Ortolan-Symposium. Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege in Niedersachsen. Heft, 45, 25-26
Manning, A. D., Fischer, J. & Lindenmayer, D. B. (2006) Scattered trees are keystone structures–implications for conservation. Biological Conservation, 132, 311-321
Manville, A. M. & Albert, M. (2005) Bird strikes and electrocutions at power lines, communication towers, and wind turbines: state of the art and state of the science–next steps toward mitigation. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PSW-GTR-191
MapInfo Professional 11.5. (2012) Pitney Bowes Software Inc, One Global View, Troy, New York
Menz, M.H.M., Brotons, L. & Arlettaz, R. (2009a) Habitat selection by ortolan buntings Emberiza hortulana in post-fire succession in Catalonia: implications for the conservation of farmland populations. Ibis, 151, 752-761
Menz, M.H.M. Mosimann-Kampe, P. & Arlettaz, R. (2009b) Foraging habitat selection in the last Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana population in Switzerland: final lessons before extinction. Ardea, 97, 323-333
Menz, M.H.M. & Arlettaz, R. (2012) The precipitous decline of the ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana: time to build on scientific evidence to inform conservation management. Oryx, 46, 122-129
Morelli, F. (2012) Correlations between landscape features and crop type and the occurrence of the Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana in farmlands of Central Italy. Ornis Fennica, 89, 264-272
Morris, A. J., Holland, J. M., Smith, B. & Jones, N. E. (2004) Sustainable Arable Farming for an Improved Environment (SAFFIE): managing winter wheat sward structure for Skylarks Alauda arvensis. Ibis, 146, 155-162
Newton, I. (2004) The recent declines of farmland bird populations in Britain: an appraisal of causal factors and conservation actions. Ibis, 146 579-600
Ottvall, R., Green, M., Lindström, Å., Svensson, S., Esseen, P.-A. & Marklund, L. (2008) Ortolansparvens Emberiza hortulana förekomst och habitatval i Sverige. Ornis Svecica, 18, 3-16
Owen, D. F. (1956) The food of nestling jays and magpies. Bird Study, 3, 257-265
PECBMS (2015) Population Trends of Common European Breeding Birds 2015. CSO, Prague. Retrieved from http://www.ebcc.info/ index.php?ID=587
Piha, M., Tiainen, J., Holopainen, J. & Vepsäläinen, V. (2007) Effects of land-use and landscape characteristics on avian diversity and abundance in a boreal agricultural landscape with organic and conventional farms. Biological Conservation, 140, 50-61
Pollheimer, M. (1998) Rote Liste Porträt Ortolan. Mitteilungen von Bird- Life Österreich–Gesellschaft für Vogelkunde Nr. 14
R Core Team. (2013) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Retrieved from http://www.R-project.org/
Revaz, E., Posse, B., Gerber, A., Sierro, A. & Arlettaz, R. (2005) Quel avenir pour le Bruant ortolan Emberiza hortulana en Suisse? Nos Oiseaux, 52, 67-82
Revaz, E. & Spaar, R. (2009) Oat fields for the benefit of Ortolan Buntings Emberiza hortulana? An experiment in the Upper Rhône valley (Valais, Switzerland). In: Bernardy, P.: Ökologie und Schutz des Ortolans (Emberiza hortulana) in Europa – IV. Internationales Ortolan-Symposium. Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege in Niedersachsen. Heft, 45, 42-47
Rootsmäe, L. & Veroman, H. (1974) Estonian songbirds. Valgus, Tallinn. (In Estonian, with English summary)
Sing, T., Sander, O., Beerenwinkel, N. & Lengauer, T. (2005) ROCR: visualizing classifier performance in R. Bioinformatics, 21, 7881.
Sondell, J., Brookes, C. & Persson, M. (2011) Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana at Kvismaren, central Sweden – breeding studies and suggested management. Ornis Svecica, 21, 167-178
Statistics Estonia (2010) Retrieved from http://www.stat.ee/50480 Swets, J.A. (1988) Measuring the accuracy of diagnostic systems. Science, 240, 1285-1293
Šimeček, K. (2009) The distribution of the Ortolan Bunting in South Moravia, Czech Republic. In: Bernardy, P.: Ökologie und Schutz des Ortolans (Emberiza hortulana) in Europa – IV. Internationales Ortolan-Symposium. Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege in Niedersachsen. Heft, 45, 27-28
Sutcliffe, L., Batáry, P., Kormann, U., Báldi, A., Dicks, L., Herzon, I., Kleijn, D., Tryjanowski, P., Apostolova, I., Arlettaz, R., Aunins, A., Aviron, S., Balezentiene, L., Čierna-Plassmann, M., Fischer, C., Gabrielová, J., Halada, L., Hartel, T., Helm, A., Hristov, I., Jelaska, S., Jones, G., Kaligarič, M., Kamp, J., Klimek, S., Koorberg, P., Kovács-Hostyánszki, A., Kuemmerle, T., Leuschner, C., Lindborg, R., Loos, J., Maccherini, S., Marja, R., Máthé, O., Paulini, I., Proença, V., Rey-Benayas, J., Sans, F.X., Seifert, C., Stalenga, J., Štrbenac, A., Timaeus, J., Török, P., van Swaay, C., Viik, E., Tscharntke, T. 2015. Harnessing the biodiversity value of Central and Eastern European farmland. Diversity and Distributions, 21, 722-730
Tryjanowski, P., Hartel, T., Báldi, A., Szymański, P., Tobółka, M., Herzon, I., Goławski, A., Konvička, M., Hromada, M., Jerzak, L., Kujawa, K., Lenda, M., Orłowski, G., Panek, M., Skórka, P., Sparks, T.H., Tworek, S., Wuczyński, A. & Żmihorski, M. (2011) Conservation of farmland birds faces different challenges in Western and Central- Eastern Europe. Acta Ornithologica, 46, 1-12
Tryjanowski, P., Sparks, T. H., Jerzak, L., Rosin, Z. M. & Skórka, P. (2014) A paradox for conservation: electricity pylons may benefit avian diversity in intensive farmland. Conservation Letters, 7, 34-40
Vepsäläinen, V., Pakkala, T., Piha, M. & Tiainen, J. (2005) Population crash of the ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana in agricultural landscapes of southern Finland. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 42, 91-107
Vepsäläinen, V., Pakkala, T., Piha, M. & Tiainen, J. (2007) The importance of breeding groups for territory occupancy in a declining population of a farmland passerine bird. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 44, 8-19
Vepsäläinen, V., Tiainen, J., Holopainen, J., Piha, M., Seimola, T., (2010). Improvements in the Finnish agri-environment scheme are needed in order to support rich farmland avifauna. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 47, 287-305
von Bülow, B. (1990) Verbreitung und Habitate des Ortolans (Emberiza hortulana, L. 1758) am Rande der Hohen Mark bei Haltern/ Westfalen. Charadrius, 26, 151-189
Wilson, J. D., Whittingham, M. J. & Bradbury, R. B. (2005) The management of crop structure: a general approach to reversing the impacts of agricultural intensification on birds? Ibis, 147, 453-463
Wolnicki, K., Lesiński, G. & Rembiałkowska, E. (2009) Birds inhabiting organic and conventional farms in Central Poland. Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 52, 1-10
Google Scholar
Batáry, P., Matthiesen, T. & Tscharntke, T. (2010) Landscape-moderated importance of hedges in conserving farmland bird diversity of organic vs. conventional croplands and grasslands. Biological Conservation, 143, 2020-2027
Google Scholar
Bellenhaus, V. (2007) Die Habitatpräferenzen des Ortolans (Emberiza hortulana) in der Prignitz. Diplomarbeit, Westfälische Wilhelms- Universität Münster
Google Scholar
Benton, T. G., Vickery, J. A. & Wilson, J. D. (2003) Farmland biodiversity: is habitat heterogeneity the key? Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 18, 182-188
Google Scholar
Berg, Å. (2008) Habitat selection and reproductive success of Ortolan Buntings Emberiza hortulana on farmland in central Sweden – the importance of habitat heterogeneity. Ibis, 150, 565-573
Google Scholar
Bernardy, P., Dziewiaty, K., Spalik, S. & Südbeck, P. (2008) Was charakterisiert ein „gutes“ Ortolan Emberiza hortulana-Revier? – Eine Analyse als Grundlage für Schutzbemühungen. Vogelkundliche Berichte aus Niedersachsen, 40, 127-138
Google Scholar
Billeter, R., Liira, J., Bailey, D., Bugter, R., Arens, P., Augenstein, I., Aviron, S., Baudry, J., Bukacek, R., Burel, F., Cerny, M., De Blust, G., De Cock, R., Diekötter, T., Dietz, H., Dirksen, J., Dormann, C., DFrenzel, M., Hamersky, R., Hendrickx, F., Herzog, F., Klotz, S., Koolstra, B., Lausch, A., Le Coeur, D., Maelfait, J. P., Opdam, P., Roubalova, M., Schermann, A., Schmidt, T., Schweiger, O., Smulders, M.J.M., Speelmans, M., Simova, P., Verboom, J., Van Wingerden, W.K.R.E., Zobel, M. & Edwards, P.J. (2008) Indicators for biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: a pan-European study. Journal of Applied Ecology, 45, 141-150
Google Scholar
Catchpole, C. K. & Slater, P. J. (2003) Bird song: biological themes and variations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Google Scholar
Conrads, K. (1969) Beobachtungen am Ortolan (Emberiza hortulana L.) in der Brutzeit. Journal of Ornithology, 110, 379-420
Google Scholar
Dale, S. (2000) The importance of farmland for Ortolan Buntings nesting on raised peat bogs. Ornis Fennica, 77, 17-25
Google Scholar
Dale, S. & Olsen, B.F.G. (2002) Use of farmland by Ortolan Buntings (Emberiza hortulana) nesting on a burned forest area. Journal of Ornithology, 143, 133-144
Google Scholar
Danzl, A. & Lentner, R. (2009) Ökologie einer isolierten Ortolan Population im Tiroler Inntal, Österreich. In: Bernardy, P.: Ökologie und Schutz des Ortolans (Emberiza hortulana) in Europa – IV. Internationales Ortolan-Symposium. Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege in Niedersachsen. Heft, 45, 50-56
Google Scholar
DeLong, E.R., DeLong, D.M. & Clarke-Pearson, D.L. (1988) Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a non parametric approach. Biometrics, 44, 837-845
Google Scholar
Deutsch, M. & Südbeck, P. (2009) Habitat choice in Ortolan Bunting – the importance of crop type and structure. In: Bernardy, P.: Ökologie und Schutz des Ortolans (Emberiza hortulana) in Europa – IV. Internationales Ortolan-Symposium. Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege in Niedersachsen. Heft, 45, 64-74
Google Scholar
Donald, P. F., Green, R. E. & Heath, M. (2001) Agricultural intensification and the collapse of Europe‘s farmland bird populations. Proceedings of the Royal Society London, Series B, 268, 25-29
Google Scholar
Douglas, D. J., Vickery, J. A. & Benton, T. G. (2009) Improving the value of field margins as foraging habitat for farmland birds. Journal of Applied Ecology, 46, 353-362
Google Scholar
Dray, S. & Dufour, A.B. (2007) The ade4 package: implementing the duality diagram for ecologists. Journal of Statistical Software, 22, 1-20
Google Scholar
EEA (2007) CLC2006 technical guidelines. Copenhagen, European Environment Agency: 70
Google Scholar
Elts, J. & Lõhmus, A. (2012) What do we lack in agri-environment schemes? The case of farmland birds in Estonia. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 156, 89-93
Google Scholar
Elts, J., Leito, A., Leivits, A., Luigujõe, L., Mägi, E., Nellis, R., Ots, M. & Pehlak, H. (2013) Status and numbers of Estonian Birds, 2008– 2012. Hirundo, 26, 80-112. (in Estonian, with English summary) Estonian eBiodiversity database. (2013) Retrieved from http://elurikkus. ut.ee/ kirjeldus.php?lang=est&id=172542&rank=70&id_ puu=172542&rank_puu=70
Google Scholar
European Bird Census Council. (2015) Retrieved from http://www. ebcc.info/pecbm.html
Google Scholar
Fitzgibbon, C. D. (1997) Small mammals in farm woodlands: the effects of habitat, isolation and surrounding land-use patterns. Journal of Applied Ecology, 34, 530-539
Google Scholar
Fonderflick, J., Thévenot, M., Guillaume, C.P. (2005) Habitat of the ortolan bunting Emberiza Hortulana on a Causse in southern France. Vie et Milieu, 55, 109-120
Google Scholar
Freckleton, R. (2002) On the misuse of residuals in ecology: regression of residuals versus multiple regression, Journal of Animal Ecology, 71, 542-545
Google Scholar
Fuller, R. J., Hinsley, S. A. & Swetnam, R. D. (2004) The relevance of nonfarmland habitats, uncropped areas and habitat diversity to the conservation of farmland birds. Ibis, 146, 22-31
Google Scholar
Goławski, A. & Dombrowski, A. (2002) Habitat use of Yellowhammers Emberiza citrinella, Ortolan Buntings E. hortulana, and Corn Buntings Miliaria calandra in farmland of east-central Poland. Ornis Fennica, 79, 164-172
Google Scholar
Green, R. E., Tyler, G. A. & Bowden, C. G. R. (2000) Habitat selection, ranging behaviour and diet of the stone curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus) in southern England. Journal of Zoology, 250, 161-183
Google Scholar
Gues, M. & Pürckhauer, C. (2011) Brachefenster in Wintergetreide: eine Hilfe für den stark gefährdeten Ortolan Emberiza hortulana? Vogelwelt, 132, 81-92
Google Scholar
Herzon, I., Auninš, A., Elts, J. & Preikša, Z. (2008) Intensity of agricultural land-use and farmland birds in the Baltic States. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment ,125, 93-100
Google Scholar
Hiron, M., Berg, Å., Eggers, S. & Pärt, T. (2013) Are farmsteads overlooked biodiversity hotspots in intensive agricultural ecosystems? Biological Conservation, 159, 332-342
Google Scholar
Hänel, K. (2004) Zur Populationsstruktur und Habitatpräferenz des Ortolans (Emberiza hortulana). Mitteilungen des Vereins Sächsischer Ornithologen, 9, 1-41
Google Scholar
Karban, R. & Ricklefs, R. E. (1983) Host characteristics, sampling intensity, and species richness of Lepidoptera larvae on broad-leaved tress in southern Ontario. Ecology, 64, 636-641
Google Scholar
Kass, R. E. & Raftery, A. E. (1995) Bayes factors. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90, 773-795
Google Scholar
Koorberg, P. (2009) High Nature Value Farming in Estonia: situation analysis. MSc thesis. Estonian University of Life Sciences. (In Estonian, with English summary)
Kurlavičius, P. (2003) Vadovas Lietuvos paukščiams pažinti. Lututė, Vilnius Lefranc, N. (1997) Shrikes and the farmed landscape in France. In Farming and Birds in Europe: The Common Agricultural Policy and its Implications for Bird Conservation, Vol. 1 (ed. Pain, D.J. & Pienkowski, M.W.), pp 236-268. Academic Press, London
Maa-amet (2011) Estonian Base Map 1:10 000. Estonia, Tallinn.
Magyar, G. (2009) Übersicht der Bestandsentwicklung des Ortolans (Emberiza hortulana) in Ungarn zwischen 1995 und 2006. In: Bernardy, P.: Ökologie und Schutz des Ortolans (Emberiza hortulana) in Europa – IV. Internationales Ortolan-Symposium. Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege in Niedersachsen. Heft, 45, 25-26
Manning, A. D., Fischer, J. & Lindenmayer, D. B. (2006) Scattered trees are keystone structures–implications for conservation. Biological Conservation, 132, 311-321
Manville, A. M. & Albert, M. (2005) Bird strikes and electrocutions at power lines, communication towers, and wind turbines: state of the art and state of the science–next steps toward mitigation. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PSW-GTR-191
MapInfo Professional 11.5. (2012) Pitney Bowes Software Inc, One Global View, Troy, New York
Menz, M.H.M., Brotons, L. & Arlettaz, R. (2009a) Habitat selection by ortolan buntings Emberiza hortulana in post-fire succession in Catalonia: implications for the conservation of farmland populations. Ibis, 151, 752-761
Menz, M.H.M. Mosimann-Kampe, P. & Arlettaz, R. (2009b) Foraging habitat selection in the last Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana population in Switzerland: final lessons before extinction. Ardea, 97, 323-333
Menz, M.H.M. & Arlettaz, R. (2012) The precipitous decline of the ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana: time to build on scientific evidence to inform conservation management. Oryx, 46, 122-129
Morelli, F. (2012) Correlations between landscape features and crop type and the occurrence of the Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana in farmlands of Central Italy. Ornis Fennica, 89, 264-272
Morris, A. J., Holland, J. M., Smith, B. & Jones, N. E. (2004) Sustainable Arable Farming for an Improved Environment (SAFFIE): managing winter wheat sward structure for Skylarks Alauda arvensis. Ibis, 146, 155-162
Newton, I. (2004) The recent declines of farmland bird populations in Britain: an appraisal of causal factors and conservation actions. Ibis, 146 579-600
Ottvall, R., Green, M., Lindström, Å., Svensson, S., Esseen, P.-A. & Marklund, L. (2008) Ortolansparvens Emberiza hortulana förekomst och habitatval i Sverige. Ornis Svecica, 18, 3-16
Owen, D. F. (1956) The food of nestling jays and magpies. Bird Study, 3, 257-265
PECBMS (2015) Population Trends of Common European Breeding Birds 2015. CSO, Prague. Retrieved from http://www.ebcc.info/ index.php?ID=587
Piha, M., Tiainen, J., Holopainen, J. & Vepsäläinen, V. (2007) Effects of land-use and landscape characteristics on avian diversity and abundance in a boreal agricultural landscape with organic and conventional farms. Biological Conservation, 140, 50-61
Pollheimer, M. (1998) Rote Liste Porträt Ortolan. Mitteilungen von Bird- Life Österreich–Gesellschaft für Vogelkunde Nr. 14
R Core Team. (2013) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Retrieved from http://www.R-project.org/
Revaz, E., Posse, B., Gerber, A., Sierro, A. & Arlettaz, R. (2005) Quel avenir pour le Bruant ortolan Emberiza hortulana en Suisse? Nos Oiseaux, 52, 67-82
Revaz, E. & Spaar, R. (2009) Oat fields for the benefit of Ortolan Buntings Emberiza hortulana? An experiment in the Upper Rhône valley (Valais, Switzerland). In: Bernardy, P.: Ökologie und Schutz des Ortolans (Emberiza hortulana) in Europa – IV. Internationales Ortolan-Symposium. Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege in Niedersachsen. Heft, 45, 42-47
Rootsmäe, L. & Veroman, H. (1974) Estonian songbirds. Valgus, Tallinn. (In Estonian, with English summary)
Sing, T., Sander, O., Beerenwinkel, N. & Lengauer, T. (2005) ROCR: visualizing classifier performance in R. Bioinformatics, 21, 7881.
Sondell, J., Brookes, C. & Persson, M. (2011) Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana at Kvismaren, central Sweden – breeding studies and suggested management. Ornis Svecica, 21, 167-178
Statistics Estonia (2010) Retrieved from http://www.stat.ee/50480 Swets, J.A. (1988) Measuring the accuracy of diagnostic systems. Science, 240, 1285-1293
Šimeček, K. (2009) The distribution of the Ortolan Bunting in South Moravia, Czech Republic. In: Bernardy, P.: Ökologie und Schutz des Ortolans (Emberiza hortulana) in Europa – IV. Internationales Ortolan-Symposium. Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege in Niedersachsen. Heft, 45, 27-28
Sutcliffe, L., Batáry, P., Kormann, U., Báldi, A., Dicks, L., Herzon, I., Kleijn, D., Tryjanowski, P., Apostolova, I., Arlettaz, R., Aunins, A., Aviron, S., Balezentiene, L., Čierna-Plassmann, M., Fischer, C., Gabrielová, J., Halada, L., Hartel, T., Helm, A., Hristov, I., Jelaska, S., Jones, G., Kaligarič, M., Kamp, J., Klimek, S., Koorberg, P., Kovács-Hostyánszki, A., Kuemmerle, T., Leuschner, C., Lindborg, R., Loos, J., Maccherini, S., Marja, R., Máthé, O., Paulini, I., Proença, V., Rey-Benayas, J., Sans, F.X., Seifert, C., Stalenga, J., Štrbenac, A., Timaeus, J., Török, P., van Swaay, C., Viik, E., Tscharntke, T. 2015. Harnessing the biodiversity value of Central and Eastern European farmland. Diversity and Distributions, 21, 722-730
Tryjanowski, P., Hartel, T., Báldi, A., Szymański, P., Tobółka, M., Herzon, I., Goławski, A., Konvička, M., Hromada, M., Jerzak, L., Kujawa, K., Lenda, M., Orłowski, G., Panek, M., Skórka, P., Sparks, T.H., Tworek, S., Wuczyński, A. & Żmihorski, M. (2011) Conservation of farmland birds faces different challenges in Western and Central- Eastern Europe. Acta Ornithologica, 46, 1-12
Tryjanowski, P., Sparks, T. H., Jerzak, L., Rosin, Z. M. & Skórka, P. (2014) A paradox for conservation: electricity pylons may benefit avian diversity in intensive farmland. Conservation Letters, 7, 34-40
Vepsäläinen, V., Pakkala, T., Piha, M. & Tiainen, J. (2005) Population crash of the ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana in agricultural landscapes of southern Finland. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 42, 91-107
Vepsäläinen, V., Pakkala, T., Piha, M. & Tiainen, J. (2007) The importance of breeding groups for territory occupancy in a declining population of a farmland passerine bird. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 44, 8-19
Vepsäläinen, V., Tiainen, J., Holopainen, J., Piha, M., Seimola, T., (2010). Improvements in the Finnish agri-environment scheme are needed in order to support rich farmland avifauna. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 47, 287-305
von Bülow, B. (1990) Verbreitung und Habitate des Ortolans (Emberiza hortulana, L. 1758) am Rande der Hohen Mark bei Haltern/ Westfalen. Charadrius, 26, 151-189
Wilson, J. D., Whittingham, M. J. & Bradbury, R. B. (2005) The management of crop structure: a general approach to reversing the impacts of agricultural intensification on birds? Ibis, 147, 453-463
Wolnicki, K., Lesiński, G. & Rembiałkowska, E. (2009) Birds inhabiting organic and conventional farms in Central Poland. Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 52, 1-10
Downloads
Published
2015-06-01
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Jaanus Elts, Kunter Tätte, Riho Marja
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright in their articles.
Articles in the European Journal of Ecology published 2020 and after are made available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license.
Articles in the European Journal of Ecology published 2015-2019 are made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 license.
How to Cite
Elts, J., Tätte, K., & Marja, R. (2015). What are the important landscape components for habitat selection of the ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana in northern limit of range?. European Journal of Ecology, 1(1), 13-25. https://doi.org/10.1515/eje-2015-0003
