Scale dependence of biotic homogenisation by urbanisation: A comparison of urban bird communities between central Argentina and northern Finland
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1515/eje-2017-0011Keywords:
Bird Richness, Bird abundance, Latitude, nestedness, similarity, species turnover, winterAbstract
Recent studies showed contrasting results about the homogenising force of urbanisation on bird community composition at large and regional scales. We studied whether urbanisation promotes the homogenisation of wintering bird communities and if this varies when comparing towns located within a specific region and towns located in two different biomes of two countries. We used both similarity indices based on the presence/absence data and the abundance data in comparing communities. Processes governing bird community dissimilarity between urbanisation levels were examined with the partitioning of Sörensen index in species turnover and nestedness. We made bird surveys in town centres and suburban habitats of three cities located in the Pampean region of Argentina and in the boreal region of Finland using a single-visit study plot method. Rarefacted species richness did not differ amongst the town centres between the countries, but it was higher in the suburban areas of Argentina than in Finland. At the country-level comparison, we found a higher similarity amongst the town centres than amongst the suburban areas; whereas at the regional comparison, similarity between town centres was comparable to the similarity between suburban areas. The use of an abundance-based index produced a higher similarity between town centre communities of both countries than when using a presence-based index. The dissimilarity between habitats in Argentina was related to nestedness and to species turnover in Finland. Our results indicate that urban-based biotic homogenisation of bird communities is dependent on the scale used, being more evident when comparing cities of different biomes where the same and abundant bird species, such as sparrows and doves, dominate. At the regional scale, quite a high beta-diversity can still be found within urban habitats. Processes of community dissimilarity between urban habitats may differ according to the regional pool of species, being more related to nestedness toward the tropics.
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community structure. Austral Ecology, 18, 117–143.
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336–344.
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influenced by the bird diversity of adjacent landscapes?
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study between two cities on different continents. Condor,
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M.P. (2016) Impacts of urban sprawl on species richness of
plants, butterflies, gastropods and birds: not only built-up area
matters. Urban Ecosystems, 19, 225–242.
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de la selección de hábitat en aves. Hornero, 21, 1–13.
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waste. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 30, 375–378.
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beta diversity of urban bird communities and regional species
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479–489.
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Dominated by a Few Species and Individuals. Front Ecol Evol 5,
81. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00081
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along urban-rural gradients: Does the size of the urbanized area
matter? Landscape and Urban Planning, 90, 33–41.
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on spatially explicit processes. Austral Ecology, 31, 126–148.
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Godet, L., Gaüzere, P., Jiguet, F. & Devictor, V. (2015) Dissociating several
forms of commonness in birds sheds new light on biotic homogenization.
Global Ecology and Biogeography, 24, 416–426.
González-Oreja, J.A. (2011) Birds of different biogeographical origins
respond in contrasting ways to urbanization. Biological Conservation,
144, 234–242.
Hall, S.J., Learned, J., Ruddell, B., Larson, K.L., Cavender-Bares, J., Bettez,
N., Groffman, P.M., Grove, J.M., Heffernan, J.B., Hobbie,
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in residential landscapes across diverse cities in the United
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broad‐scale geographical patterns of species richness. Ecology,
84, 3105–3117.
Hedblom, M. & Murgui, E. (2017). Urban Bird Research in a Global Perspective.
In Murgui E. & Hedblom M. (Eds.) Ecology and Conservation
of Birds in Urban Environments (pp. 3–10). Springer
International Publishing, New York
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The American Naturalist, 163, 192–211.
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integrative research in urban ecosystems. Landscape and Urban
Planning, 45, 15–19.
Huhtalo, H. & Järvinen, O. (1977) Quantitative composition of the urban
bird community in Tornio, Northern Finland. Bird Study, 24,
179–185.
Ibáñez‐Álamo, J.D., Rubio, E., Benedetti, Y. & Morelli, F. (2016). Global
loss of avian evolutionary uniqueness in urban areas. Global
Change Biology, doi:10.1111/gcb. 13567.
Jokimäki, J. & Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki, M.L. (2003) Spatial similarity of urban
bird communities: a multiscale approach. Journal of Biogeography,
30, 1183–1193.
Jokimäki, J. & Suhonen, J. (1993) Effects of urbanization on the breeding
bird species richness in Finland: a biogeographical comparison.
Ornis Fennica, 70, 71–77.
Jokimäki, J. & Suhonen, J. (1998) Distribution and habitat selection of
wintering birds in urban environments. Landscape and Urban
Planning, 39, 253–263.
Jokimäki, J., Suhonen, J., Inki, K. & Jokinen, S. (1996) Biogeographical
comparison of winter bird assemblages in urban environments
in Finland. Journal of Biogeography, 23, 379–386.
Jokimäki, J., Suhonen, J. & Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki, M.L. (2016) Urbanization
and species occupancy frequency distribution patterns in
core zone areas of European towns. European Journal of Ecology,
2, 23–43.
Juri, M.D. & Chani, J.M. (2005) Variación en la composición de comunidades
de aves a lo largo de un gradiente urbano (Tucumán,
Argentina). Acta Zoológica Lilloana, 49, 49–57.
Knop, E. (2016) Biotic homogenization of three insect groups due to
urbanization. Global Change Biology, 22, 228–236.
Kühn, I. & Klotz, S. (2006) Urbanization and homogenization–comparing
the floras of urban and rural areas in Germany. Biological
Conservation, 127, 292–300.
La Sorte, F.A. & McKinney, M.L. (2007) Compositional changes over
space and time along an occurrence–abundance continuum:
anthropogenic homogenization of the North American avifauna.
Journal of Biogeography, 34, 2159–2167.
Lepczyk, C.A., La Sorte, F.A., Aronson, M.F., Goddard, M.A., MacGregor-
Fors, I., Nilon, C.H., & Warren, P.S. (2017). Global Patterns and
Drivers of Urban Bird Diversity. In Murgui E. & Hedblom, M.
(Eds.) Ecology and Conservation of Birds in Urban Environments
(pp. 13-33). Springer International Publishing, New York.
Leveau, L.M. & Leveau, C.M. (2004) Comunidades de aves en un gradiente
urbano de la ciudad de Mar del Plata, Argentina. Hornero,
19, 13–21.
Leveau, L.M., Leveau, C.M., Villegas, M., Cursach, J.A. & Suazo, C.G.
(2017) Bird communities along urbanization gradients: a comparative
analysis among three Neotropical cities. Ornitología
Neotropical, 28, 77–87.
Luck, G.W. & Smallbone, L.T. (2011) The impact of urbanization on taxonomic
and functional similarity among bird communities. Journal
of Biogeography, 38, 894–906.
Magurran, A.E. (2004) Measuring biological diversity. Blackwell Publishing,
Oxford.
Marchetti, M.P., Lockwood, J.L. & Light, T. (2006) Effects of urbanization
on California’s fish diversity: differentiation, homogenization
and the influence of spatial scale. Biological Conservation, 127,
310–318.
Marzluff, J.M. (2001) Worldwide urbanization and its effects on birds.
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How to Cite
leveau, lucas M., Jokimaki, J., & Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki, M.-L. (2017). Scale dependence of biotic homogenisation by urbanisation: A comparison of urban bird communities between central Argentina and northern Finland. European Journal of Ecology, 3(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1515/eje-2017-0011
