Seasonal biodiversity and ecological studies on the epiphytic microalgae communities in polluted and unpolluted aquatic ecosystem at Assiut, Egypt
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1515/eje-2017-0017Keywords:
Epiphytic microalgae, Macrophytes, biodiversity, PERMANOVAAbstract
A qualitative and quantitative study on epiphytic microalgae was carried out seasonally from November 2015 to August 2016 to follow up their community structures on aquatic macrophytes related to some physico-chemical properties of two polluted and unpolluted water bodies at Assiut, Egypt. A total of 169 species related to 64 genera of epiphytic microalgae were recorded. The most dominant algal group was Bacillariophyceae (43.2%), followed by Chlorophyceae (34.91%), Cyanophyceae (20.71%) and Euglenophyceae (1.18%). The total number of epiphytic algae fluctuated between 11.1 × 104 ind.g-1 plant dry wt. on Phragmites australis in summer at Nazlet Abdellah (polluted site) and 10.02 × 107 ind.g-1 plant dry wt. on Myriophyllum spicatum in winter at El-Wasta (unpolluted site). Some epiphytic microalgae were dominant as Pseudanabaena limnetica, Calothrix braunii, Scenedesmus acutus, and Ulnaria ulna. Others were specific on certain macrophytes as Aphanocapsa thermalis and Ulothrix sp., which grow on Phragmites australis, while Synechocystis minuscula attached itself on Myriophyllum spicatum. Analysis of PERMANOVA showed that the most important factors that induced the variation in epiphytic microalgae were the temporal variation and host plant. Water temperature, pH, nitrate, chloride, phosphate and total dissolved salts were the highest abiotic factors correlated with the variation in composition of epiphytic microalgae.
References
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biomass-specific productivity of periphyton assemblages mediated
by fish grazing. Freshwater Biology, 52, 1486–1493.
Aboellil, A. & Aboellil, A.H. (2012) Colonization Abilities of Microflora
to Attach Aquatic Plants. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research,
Biological Sciences, 12, 21–27.
Abou-Aisha, K.M., Kobbia, I.A., El Abyad, M.S., Shabana, E.F. & Schanz,
F. (1997) Seasonal changes in Cystoseira myrica and phosphorus
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Soil Pollution, 93, 199–211.
Albay, M. & Akcaalan, R. (2003) Comparative study of periphyton colonisation
on common reed (Phragmites australis) and artificial
substrate in a shallow lake, Manyas, Turkey. Hydrobiologia,
506(1), 531–540.
Algarte, V.M., Siqueira, N.S., Murakami, E.A. & Rodrigues, L. (2009) Effects
of hydrological regime and connectivity on the interannual
variation in taxonomic similarity of periphytic algae. Brazilian
Journal of Biology, 69(2), 609–616.
Al-Saboonchi, A.A. & Al-Manshad, H.N. (2012) Study of Epiphytic Algae
on Ceratophyllum demersum L. from Two Stations at Shatt Al-
Arab River. Journal of Thi-Qar Science, 3, 57–63.
Anderson, M.J., Gorley R.N. & Clarke. K.R. (2008) PERMANOVA+ for
PRIMER: guide to software and statistical methods. PRIMER-E,
Plymouth.
Biolo, S., Algarte, V.M. & Rodrigues, L. (2015) Composition and taxonomic
similarity of the periphytic algal community in different
natural substrates in a neotropical floodplain, Brazil. African
Journal of Plant Science, 9(1), 17–24.
Borowitzka, M.A., Lethbridge, R.C. & Charlton, L. (1990) Species richness,
spatial distribution and colonisation pattern of algal and
invertebrate epiphytes on the seagrass Amphibolis griffithii. Marine
Ecology Progress Series, 281–291.
Bulgariu, L. & Bulgariu, D. (2012) Direct determination of nitrate in
small volumes of natural surface waters using a simple spectrophotometric
method. Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 31(3),
201.
Davies, O.A. (2009) Epiphytic diatoms growing on Nypa Fructican of Okpoka
Creek, Niger Delta, Nigeria and their relationship to water
quality. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and
Technology, 1, 1–9.
Demir, A.N., Fakioğlu, Ö. & Dural, B. (2014) Phytoplankton functional
groups provide a quality assessment method by the Q assemblage
index in Lake Mogan (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Botany,
38, 169–179.
Dere, Ş., D. Karacaoğlu, & Dalkiran, N. (2002) A study on the epiphytic
algae of the Nilüfer Stream (Bursa). Turkish Journal of Botany,
26, 219–234.
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and water analysis. Soil Bulletin, No. 10. Food and Agriculture
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El-Karim, M.S.A., Fishar, M. & El-Gawad, S.S.A. (2009) Epiphytic Algae
and Macroinverteb rates Communities of Myriophyllum spicatum
Lemm and Their Cascade in the Littoral Food Web of Lake
Nasser, Egypt. Global Veterinaria, 3(3), 165–177.
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the aquatic macrophytes Phragmites australis and Echinochloa
stagnina at Assuit-Egypt. Minia Science Bulletin, 27(2), 1–26.
Frankovich, T.A., Gaiser, E.E., Zieman, J.C. & Wachnicka, A.H. (2006)
Spatial and temporal distributions of epiphytic diatoms growing on Thalassia testudinum Banks ex König: Relationships to water
quality. Hydrobiologia, 569, 259–271.
Gaiser, E.E., McCormick, P.V., Hagerthey, S.E. & Gottlieb A.D. (2011)
Landscape patterns of periphyton in the Florida Everglades.
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 41,
92–120.
Ganf, G. (1974) Diurnal mixing and the vertical distribution of phytoplankton
in a shallow equatorial lake (Lake George, Uganda). The
Journal of Ecology, 611–629.
Hassan, F.M., Salman, J.M., Alkam, F.A. & Jawad, H.J. (2014) Ecological
Observations on Epipelic Algae in Euphrates River at Hindiya and
Manathira, Iraq. International Journal of Advanced Research,
2(4), 1183–1194.
Hillebrand, H., Worm, B. & Lotze, H.K. (2000) Marine microbenthic community
structure regulated by nitrogen loading and grazing pressure.
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498.
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local and regional occupancy of species: distribution
patterns of diatoms in boreal streams. Journal of Biogeography,
32, 1971–1978.
Konsowa, A. (2007) Spatial and temporal variation of phytoplankton
abundance and composition in the hypersaline Bardawil Lagoon,
North Sinai, Egypt. Journal of Applied Sciences Research,
3, 1240–1250.
Kormas, K.A., Nicolaidou, A. & Reizopoulou, S. (2006) Temporal variation
of nutrients, chlorophyll a and particulate matter in three
coastal lagoons of Amvrakikos gulf Ionian Sea, Greece. Marine
Ecology, 22, 201–213.
Kramer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1991) Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa,
Band 2/4, Teil 4: Achanataceae, Kritische Ergänzungen zu
Navicula (Lineolatae) und Gomphonema Gesmatliteraturzeichnis
Teil 1–4. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart Jena, 437.
Kupferberg, S. (2003) Facilitation of periphyton production by tadpole
grazing: functional differences between species. Freshwater Biology,
37, 427–439.
Laugaste, R. & Reunanen, M. (2005) The composition and density of
epiphyton on some macrophyte species in the partly meromitic
lake Verevi. Hydrobiologia, 547, 137–150.
Liboriussen, L. & Jeppesen, E. (2003) Temporal dynamics in epipelic, pelagic
and epiphytic algal production in a clear and a turbid shallow
lake. Freshwater Biology, 48, 418–431
Lund, J.W.G. & Canter-Lund, H. (1995) Freshwater algae: their microscopic
world explored. Biopress Itd. The Ochard Clanage Road,
Bristol BS3 2JX England, pp. 306.
McArdle, B.H. & Anderson, M.J. (2001) Fitting multivariate models to
community data: a comment on distance-based redundancy
analysis. Ecology, 82, 290–297.
Messyasz B. & Kuczyńska-Kippen N. (2006) Periphytic algal communities:
a comparison of Typha angustifolia L. and Chara tomentosa
L. beds in three shallow lakes (West Poland), Polish Journal of
Ecology, 54(1), 15–27.
Metzner, H., Rau, H. & Senger, H. (1965) Untersuchungen zur synchronisier-
barkeit ein zelner pigment managel. Mutanten von Chlorella.
Planta, 65, 186-194.
Mormul, R.P., Thomaz, S.M., Da Silveira, M.J. & Rodrigues, L. (2010).
Epiphyton or macrophyte: Which primary producer attracts the
snail Hebetancylus moricandi? American Malacological Bulletin,
28(1-2), 127–133.
Patrick, R., Cairns, J. & Scheier, A. (1968) The relative sensitivity of diatoms,
snails and fish to twenty common constituents of industrial
wastes. Progressive Fish-Culturist, 30, 137–140.
Pearson, G.A. & Evans, L.V. (1990) Settlement and survival of Polysiphonia
lanosa (Ceramiales) spores on Ascophyllum nodosum and
Fucus vesiculosus (Fucales). Journal of Phycology, 26, 597–603.
Ruesink, J.L. (1998) Diatom epiphytes on Odonthalia floccosa: The importance
of extent and timing Journal of Phycology, 34, 29–38.
Salman, J.M., Hadi, S.H., & Mutaer, A.A. (2013) Spatial and temporal
distribution of phytoplankton and some related physical and
chemical properties in al–abasia river (Euphrates), Iraq. International
Journal of Geology, Earth & Environmental Sciences, 3(3),
155–169.
Schwarzenbeck, G. & Biederman, W. (1948) Komplexone.X. Erdalkalikomplexe
von 0, 6-di-oxyazofarbstoffen. Helvetica Chimica
Acta, 31, 678–687.
Sheen, R.T., Kahler, H.L. & Ross, E.M. (1935) Turbidmetric determination
of sulfate in water. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Analytical
Edition, 7, 262–265.
Song, Y.Z., Wang, J.Q. & Gao, Y.X. (2017) Effects of epiphytic algae on
biomass and physiology of Myriophyllum spicatum L. with the
increase of nitrogen and phosphorus availability in the water
body. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 9548–
9555.
Sullivan, M.J. (1984) Community Structure of Epiphytic Diatoms from
the Gulf Coast of Florida, USA. In: Proceedings of the Seventh
International Diatom Symposium, Mann, D.G. (Ed.), Otto Koeltz-
Science Publishers, Philadelphia, pp. 373–384.
Sundbäck, K. & Snoeijs, P. (1991) Effects of nutrient enrichment on
microalgal community composition in a coastal shallow water
sediment system: an experimental study. Botanica Marina, 34,
341–358.
Thomaz, S.M., Dibble, E.D., Evangelista, L.R., Higuti, J. & Bini, L.M.
(2008). Influence of aquatic macrophyte habitat complexity on
invertebrate abundance and richness in tropical lagoons. Freshwater
biology, 53(2), 358–367.
Toporowska, M., Pawlik-Skowrońska, B. & Wojtal, A. (2008) Epiphytic algae
on Stratiotes aloides L., Potamogeton lucens L., Ceratophyllum
demersum L. and Chara spp. in a macrophyte-dominated
lake. Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 37, 51–63.
Tóth, V.R. (2013) The effect of periphyton on the light environment and
production of Potamogeton perfoliatus, L. in the mesotrophic
basin of Lake Balaton. Aquatic sciences, 75, 523–534.
Verhulst, S. (2013) Response of the Epiphytic Algal Communities to Experimentally
Elevated Nutrient Levels in Intertidal Salt Marsh
Habitats . UNF Thesis and Dissertations, 435.
Wahl, M. & Mark, O. (1999) The predominantly facultative nature of
epibiosis: experimental and observational evidence. Marine
Ecology Progress Series, 187, 59–66.
Wetzel, R.G. (1993) Microcommunities and microgradients: linking nutrient
regeneration, microbial mutualism, and high sustained
aquatic primary production. Aquatic Ecology, 27, 3–9.
Williams, C.H. & Twine, J.R. (1960) Flame photometric method for sodium,
potassium and calcium. In: K. Peach & Tracey (Eds.). Modern
Methods of Plant Analysis. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Goettingen,
Heidelberg, 5, 3–5.
biomass-specific productivity of periphyton assemblages mediated
by fish grazing. Freshwater Biology, 52, 1486–1493.
Aboellil, A. & Aboellil, A.H. (2012) Colonization Abilities of Microflora
to Attach Aquatic Plants. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research,
Biological Sciences, 12, 21–27.
Abou-Aisha, K.M., Kobbia, I.A., El Abyad, M.S., Shabana, E.F. & Schanz,
F. (1997) Seasonal changes in Cystoseira myrica and phosphorus
input at two sites of the Red Sea Egyptian Coast. Water, Air and
Soil Pollution, 93, 199–211.
Albay, M. & Akcaalan, R. (2003) Comparative study of periphyton colonisation
on common reed (Phragmites australis) and artificial
substrate in a shallow lake, Manyas, Turkey. Hydrobiologia,
506(1), 531–540.
Algarte, V.M., Siqueira, N.S., Murakami, E.A. & Rodrigues, L. (2009) Effects
of hydrological regime and connectivity on the interannual
variation in taxonomic similarity of periphytic algae. Brazilian
Journal of Biology, 69(2), 609–616.
Al-Saboonchi, A.A. & Al-Manshad, H.N. (2012) Study of Epiphytic Algae
on Ceratophyllum demersum L. from Two Stations at Shatt Al-
Arab River. Journal of Thi-Qar Science, 3, 57–63.
Anderson, M.J., Gorley R.N. & Clarke. K.R. (2008) PERMANOVA+ for
PRIMER: guide to software and statistical methods. PRIMER-E,
Plymouth.
Biolo, S., Algarte, V.M. & Rodrigues, L. (2015) Composition and taxonomic
similarity of the periphytic algal community in different
natural substrates in a neotropical floodplain, Brazil. African
Journal of Plant Science, 9(1), 17–24.
Borowitzka, M.A., Lethbridge, R.C. & Charlton, L. (1990) Species richness,
spatial distribution and colonisation pattern of algal and
invertebrate epiphytes on the seagrass Amphibolis griffithii. Marine
Ecology Progress Series, 281–291.
Bulgariu, L. & Bulgariu, D. (2012) Direct determination of nitrate in
small volumes of natural surface waters using a simple spectrophotometric
method. Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 31(3),
201.
Davies, O.A. (2009) Epiphytic diatoms growing on Nypa Fructican of Okpoka
Creek, Niger Delta, Nigeria and their relationship to water
quality. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and
Technology, 1, 1–9.
Demir, A.N., Fakioğlu, Ö. & Dural, B. (2014) Phytoplankton functional
groups provide a quality assessment method by the Q assemblage
index in Lake Mogan (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Botany,
38, 169–179.
Dere, Ş., D. Karacaoğlu, & Dalkiran, N. (2002) A study on the epiphytic
algae of the Nilüfer Stream (Bursa). Turkish Journal of Botany,
26, 219–234.
Dewis, J. & Freitas, F. (1970) In physical and chemical methods of soil
and water analysis. Soil Bulletin, No. 10. Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
El-Karim, M.S.A., Fishar, M. & El-Gawad, S.S.A. (2009) Epiphytic Algae
and Macroinverteb rates Communities of Myriophyllum spicatum
Lemm and Their Cascade in the Littoral Food Web of Lake
Nasser, Egypt. Global Veterinaria, 3(3), 165–177.
Fawzy, M.A. (2016) Spatial distribution of epiphytic algae growing on
the aquatic macrophytes Phragmites australis and Echinochloa
stagnina at Assuit-Egypt. Minia Science Bulletin, 27(2), 1–26.
Frankovich, T.A., Gaiser, E.E., Zieman, J.C. & Wachnicka, A.H. (2006)
Spatial and temporal distributions of epiphytic diatoms growing on Thalassia testudinum Banks ex König: Relationships to water
quality. Hydrobiologia, 569, 259–271.
Gaiser, E.E., McCormick, P.V., Hagerthey, S.E. & Gottlieb A.D. (2011)
Landscape patterns of periphyton in the Florida Everglades.
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 41,
92–120.
Ganf, G. (1974) Diurnal mixing and the vertical distribution of phytoplankton
in a shallow equatorial lake (Lake George, Uganda). The
Journal of Ecology, 611–629.
Hassan, F.M., Salman, J.M., Alkam, F.A. & Jawad, H.J. (2014) Ecological
Observations on Epipelic Algae in Euphrates River at Hindiya and
Manathira, Iraq. International Journal of Advanced Research,
2(4), 1183–1194.
Hillebrand, H., Worm, B. & Lotze, H.K. (2000) Marine microbenthic community
structure regulated by nitrogen loading and grazing pressure.
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 204, 27–38
Jackson, M.L. (1958) Soil chemical Analysis constable. Ltd. Co., London
498.
Jackson, M.L. (1960) Soil chemical analysis. Constable and Co., London,
pp, 261–262.
Janne, S. & Jani, H. (2005) Relationships between local population persistence,
local and regional occupancy of species: distribution
patterns of diatoms in boreal streams. Journal of Biogeography,
32, 1971–1978.
Konsowa, A. (2007) Spatial and temporal variation of phytoplankton
abundance and composition in the hypersaline Bardawil Lagoon,
North Sinai, Egypt. Journal of Applied Sciences Research,
3, 1240–1250.
Kormas, K.A., Nicolaidou, A. & Reizopoulou, S. (2006) Temporal variation
of nutrients, chlorophyll a and particulate matter in three
coastal lagoons of Amvrakikos gulf Ionian Sea, Greece. Marine
Ecology, 22, 201–213.
Kramer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1991) Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa,
Band 2/4, Teil 4: Achanataceae, Kritische Ergänzungen zu
Navicula (Lineolatae) und Gomphonema Gesmatliteraturzeichnis
Teil 1–4. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart Jena, 437.
Kupferberg, S. (2003) Facilitation of periphyton production by tadpole
grazing: functional differences between species. Freshwater Biology,
37, 427–439.
Laugaste, R. & Reunanen, M. (2005) The composition and density of
epiphyton on some macrophyte species in the partly meromitic
lake Verevi. Hydrobiologia, 547, 137–150.
Liboriussen, L. & Jeppesen, E. (2003) Temporal dynamics in epipelic, pelagic
and epiphytic algal production in a clear and a turbid shallow
lake. Freshwater Biology, 48, 418–431
Lund, J.W.G. & Canter-Lund, H. (1995) Freshwater algae: their microscopic
world explored. Biopress Itd. The Ochard Clanage Road,
Bristol BS3 2JX England, pp. 306.
McArdle, B.H. & Anderson, M.J. (2001) Fitting multivariate models to
community data: a comment on distance-based redundancy
analysis. Ecology, 82, 290–297.
Messyasz B. & Kuczyńska-Kippen N. (2006) Periphytic algal communities:
a comparison of Typha angustifolia L. and Chara tomentosa
L. beds in three shallow lakes (West Poland), Polish Journal of
Ecology, 54(1), 15–27.
Metzner, H., Rau, H. & Senger, H. (1965) Untersuchungen zur synchronisier-
barkeit ein zelner pigment managel. Mutanten von Chlorella.
Planta, 65, 186-194.
Mormul, R.P., Thomaz, S.M., Da Silveira, M.J. & Rodrigues, L. (2010).
Epiphyton or macrophyte: Which primary producer attracts the
snail Hebetancylus moricandi? American Malacological Bulletin,
28(1-2), 127–133.
Patrick, R., Cairns, J. & Scheier, A. (1968) The relative sensitivity of diatoms,
snails and fish to twenty common constituents of industrial
wastes. Progressive Fish-Culturist, 30, 137–140.
Pearson, G.A. & Evans, L.V. (1990) Settlement and survival of Polysiphonia
lanosa (Ceramiales) spores on Ascophyllum nodosum and
Fucus vesiculosus (Fucales). Journal of Phycology, 26, 597–603.
Ruesink, J.L. (1998) Diatom epiphytes on Odonthalia floccosa: The importance
of extent and timing Journal of Phycology, 34, 29–38.
Salman, J.M., Hadi, S.H., & Mutaer, A.A. (2013) Spatial and temporal
distribution of phytoplankton and some related physical and
chemical properties in al–abasia river (Euphrates), Iraq. International
Journal of Geology, Earth & Environmental Sciences, 3(3),
155–169.
Schwarzenbeck, G. & Biederman, W. (1948) Komplexone.X. Erdalkalikomplexe
von 0, 6-di-oxyazofarbstoffen. Helvetica Chimica
Acta, 31, 678–687.
Sheen, R.T., Kahler, H.L. & Ross, E.M. (1935) Turbidmetric determination
of sulfate in water. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Analytical
Edition, 7, 262–265.
Song, Y.Z., Wang, J.Q. & Gao, Y.X. (2017) Effects of epiphytic algae on
biomass and physiology of Myriophyllum spicatum L. with the
increase of nitrogen and phosphorus availability in the water
body. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 9548–
9555.
Sullivan, M.J. (1984) Community Structure of Epiphytic Diatoms from
the Gulf Coast of Florida, USA. In: Proceedings of the Seventh
International Diatom Symposium, Mann, D.G. (Ed.), Otto Koeltz-
Science Publishers, Philadelphia, pp. 373–384.
Sundbäck, K. & Snoeijs, P. (1991) Effects of nutrient enrichment on
microalgal community composition in a coastal shallow water
sediment system: an experimental study. Botanica Marina, 34,
341–358.
Thomaz, S.M., Dibble, E.D., Evangelista, L.R., Higuti, J. & Bini, L.M.
(2008). Influence of aquatic macrophyte habitat complexity on
invertebrate abundance and richness in tropical lagoons. Freshwater
biology, 53(2), 358–367.
Toporowska, M., Pawlik-Skowrońska, B. & Wojtal, A. (2008) Epiphytic algae
on Stratiotes aloides L., Potamogeton lucens L., Ceratophyllum
demersum L. and Chara spp. in a macrophyte-dominated
lake. Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 37, 51–63.
Tóth, V.R. (2013) The effect of periphyton on the light environment and
production of Potamogeton perfoliatus, L. in the mesotrophic
basin of Lake Balaton. Aquatic sciences, 75, 523–534.
Verhulst, S. (2013) Response of the Epiphytic Algal Communities to Experimentally
Elevated Nutrient Levels in Intertidal Salt Marsh
Habitats . UNF Thesis and Dissertations, 435.
Wahl, M. & Mark, O. (1999) The predominantly facultative nature of
epibiosis: experimental and observational evidence. Marine
Ecology Progress Series, 187, 59–66.
Wetzel, R.G. (1993) Microcommunities and microgradients: linking nutrient
regeneration, microbial mutualism, and high sustained
aquatic primary production. Aquatic Ecology, 27, 3–9.
Williams, C.H. & Twine, J.R. (1960) Flame photometric method for sodium,
potassium and calcium. In: K. Peach & Tracey (Eds.). Modern
Methods of Plant Analysis. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Goettingen,
Heidelberg, 5, 3–5.
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How to Cite
Adam, M. S., Hifney, A. F., Fawzy, mustafa A., & Al-Badaani, A. A. (2017). Seasonal biodiversity and ecological studies on the epiphytic microalgae communities in polluted and unpolluted aquatic ecosystem at Assiut, Egypt. European Journal of Ecology, 3(2), 92-106. https://doi.org/10.1515/eje-2017-0017
