Observations on the consumption and dispersal of Phoenix canariensis drupes by the Grey-headed flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2478/eje-2018-0005Keywords:
Grey-headed flying-fox, Pteropus poliocephalus, diet, frugivory, Phoenix canariensis, Washingtonia robusta, dispersal of exotic palmsAbstract
Aided by their transplantability as adult plants, Phoenix canariensis and Washingtonia robusta palms have a long history as ornamental feature trees in urban settings. With their plentiful production of carbo-hydrate reach drupes, palms have become a major food source for the grey-headed flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) during late autumn and early winter. This paper reviews the consumption of Phoenix canariensis and Washingtonia robusta drupes based on the field observations and a morphological and metric analysis of spat-out remains (‘ejecta’). Based on a review of the mastication mechanics of fruit consumption, the paper demonstrates that P. poliocephalus can be ruled out as a disperser of the invasive Phoenix canariensis, but must be considered for the dispersal of Washingtonia robusta.
References
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South Wales, during a period of resource concentration. Aust
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1987;25(4):523-537. doi:10.1080/0028825X.1987.10410084.
Gulraiz TL, Javid A, Mahmood-Ul-Hassan M, Hussain SM, Azmat H, Daud
S. Role of Indian flying fox Pteropus giganteus Brünnich, 1782
(Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) as a seed disperser in urban areas
of Lahore, Pakistan. Turk J Zool. 2016;40:417-422. doi:10.3906/
zoo-1407-42.
Herrel A, De Smet A, Aguirre LF, Aerts P. Morphological and mechanical
determinants of bite force in bats: do muscles matter? J Exp Biol.
2008;211(1):86-91. doi:10.1242/jeb.012211. Medline
Hosking JR, Conn BJ, Lepschi BJ, Barker CH. Plant species first recognised
as naturalised for New South Wales in 2002 and 2003,
with additional comments on species recognised as naturalised
in 2000–2001. Cunninghamia. 2007;10(1):139-166.
Hunter Councils Environment Division. (2017). Flying-Fox Camp Management
Plan. Murrurundi Camp Management Plan. nº. Thornton,
NSW
Javid A, Gulraiz TL, Ashraf M, et al. Proximate analysis of Indian flying
fox’s (Pteropus giganteus) natural food, with a note on its
roost variations in urban areas of Lahore, Pakistan. Turk J Zool.
2017;41:714-721. doi:10.3906/zoo-1512-24.
Lohr MT, Keighery GJ. The status and distribution of naturalised alien
plants on the islands of the west coast of Western Australia.
Conserv Sci W Aust. 2016;10(1):1-43.
Manley DB, Williams LM. Structure of the Gastro-Intestinal Tract of the
Flying Fox Pteropus poliocephalus. J Anat. 1979;128:649-650.
McConkey, K. R., & Drake, D. R. (2015) Low redundancy in seed dispersal
within an island frugivore community. AoB PLANTS, 7(plv088).
doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plv088
McDonald-Madden E, Schreiber ESG, Forsyth DM, Choquenot D,
Clancy TF. Factors affecting Grey-headed Flying-fox (Pteropus
poliocephalus: Pteropodidae) foraging in the Melbourne metropolitan
area, Australia. Austral Ecol. 2005;30(5):600-608.
doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.01492.x.
Messaro, M. (2018, Feb 26). [Birds feeding in palms on my property at
Burumbuttock].
Morrison DW. Efficiency of food utilization by fruit bats. Oecologia.
1980;45(2):270-273. doi:10.1007/BF00346469. Medline
Nakamoto A, Sakugawa K, Kinjo K, Izawa M. Feeding effects of Orii’s
flying-fox (Pteropus dasymallus inopinatus) on seed germination
of subtropical trees on Okinawa-jima Island. Tropics.
2007;17(1):43-50. doi:10.3759/tropics.17.43.
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(Eds.), Fauna of Australia (Vol. 1B Mammalia).
Oleksy R, Giuggioli L, McKetterick TJ, Racey PA, Jones G. Flying foxes
create extensive seed shadows and enhance germination success
of pioneer plant species in deforested Madagascan landscapes.
PLoS One. 2017;12(9):e0184023. doi:10.1371/journal.
pone.0184023. Medline
Parry-Jones K, Augee ML. Food Selection by Grey-headed Flying Foxes
(Pteropus poliocephalus) Occupying a Summer Colony Site near
Gosford, New South Wales. Wildl Res. 1991;18(1):111-124.
doi:10.1071/WR9910111.
Parry-Jones KA, Augee ML. Factors affecting the occupation of a colony
site in Sydney, New South Wales by the Grey-headed Flying-
fox Pteropus poliocephalus (Pteropodidae). Austral Ecol.
2001;26(1):47-55.
Ratcliffe F. Notes on the fruit bats (Pteropus spp.) of Australia. J Anim
Ecol. 1932;1(1):32-57. doi:10.2307/993.
Richards GC. The spectacled flying-fox, Pteropus conspicillatus (Chiroptera:
Pteropodidae), in North Queensland. 2. Diet, seed dispersal
and feeding ecology. Aust Mammal. 1990;13:25-31.
Richardson KC, Stuebing RB, Normah HK. Alimentary tract morphology
and digesta transit of some Malaysian chiropterans. Indo-Malayan
Zoology. 1987;4:399-412.
Roberts BJ, Catterall CP, Eby P, Kanowski J. Long-distance and frequent
movements of the flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus: implications
for management. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e42532. doi:10.1371/
journal.pone.0042532. Medline
Roots, P. (2018, Apr 9). [Flying Fox colony near Albury].
Schmelitschek E, French K, Parry-Jones K. Fruit availability and utilisation
by grey-headed flying foxes (Pteropodidae: Pteropus poliocephalus
) in a human-modified environment on the south coast
of New South Wales, Australia. Wildl Res. 2009;36(7):592-600.
doi:10.1071/WR08169.
Shilton LA, Altringham JD, Compton SG, Whittaker RJ. Old World fruit bats
can be long-distance seed dispersers through extended retention
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How to Cite
Spennemann, D. H. (2018). Observations on the consumption and dispersal of Phoenix canariensis drupes by the Grey-headed flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus). European Journal of Ecology, 4(1), 41-49. https://doi.org/10.2478/eje-2018-0005
