Primary sand-dune plant community and soil properties during the west-coast India monsoon
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1515/eje-2016-0007Keywords:
dunes, monsoon, plant community, soil chemistry, transect survey, west coast of IndiaAbstract
A seven-station interrupted belt transect was established that followed a previously observed plant zonation pattern across an aggrading primary coastal dune system in the dry tropical region of west-coast India. The dominant weather pattern is monsoon from June to November, followed by hot and dry winter months when rainfall is scarce. Physical and chemical soil characteristics in each of the stations were analysed on five separate occasions, the first before the onset of monsoon, three during and the last post-monsoon. The plant community pattern was confirmed by quadrat survey. A pH gradient decreased with distance from the shoreline. Nutrient concentrations were deficient, increasing only in small amounts until the furthest station inland. At that location, there was a distinct and abrupt pedological transition zone from psammite to humic soils. There was a significant increase over previous stations in mean organic matter, ammonium nitrate and soil-water retention, although the increase in real terms was small. ANOVA showed significant variation in electrical conductivity, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and sodium concentrations over time. There was no relationship between soil chemistry characteristics and plant community structure over the transect. Ipomoea pes-caprae and Spinifex littoreus were restricted to the foredunes, the leguminous forb Alysicarpus vaginalis and Perotis indica to the two stations furthest from the strand. Ischaemum indicum, a C4 perennial grass species adopting an ephemeral strategy was, in contrast, ubiquitous to all stations.
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status on coastal dunes: A multiscale approach. Landscape and
Urban Planning, 91, 17–25.
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(2008) A comparison of grain size analysis methods for sanddominated
fluvial sediments. Sedimentology, 55, 1905–1913.
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sand dunes of Lake Michigan. Bot. Gaz., 27, 95-117, 167-202,
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J. Miles & D.W. Walton (Eds.), Primary Succession on Land (pp
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gradient on the leeward slopes of Lake Huron sand dunes. Can.
J. Bot., 83, 227–236.
de Mazancourt, C., Isbell, F., Larocque, A., Berendse, F., De Luca, E.,
Grace, J.B. et al. (2013) Predicting ecosystem stability from community
composition and biodiversity. Ecol. Letters, 16, 617–625.
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on soil clay flocculation, infiltration and erosion. In: D.E. Stott,
R.H. Mohtar, G.C. Steinhardt (Eds.), Sustaining the Global Farm
(pp 580-585). West Lafayette, IN: International Soil Conservation
Organization in cooperation with the USDA and Purdue University.
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2. Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) Roth. J. Coastal Res., 8, 442–456.
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factors influencing coastal vegetation pattern: New insights
from the Mediterranean Basin. Folia Geobot., 48, 493–508.
Franks, S.J. (2003) Facilitation in multiple life-history stages: Evidence
for nucleated succession in coastal dunes. Plant Ecol., 168, 1–11.
Gerke, J. (2010) Humic (organic matter)-Al(Fe)-phosphate complexes:
An underestimated phosphate form in soils and source of plantavailable
phosphate. Soil Sci., 175, 417–425.
Gerke, J. & Hermann, R. (1992) Adsorption of orthophosphate to humic-
Fe-complexes and to amorphous Fe oxide. Z Pflanz Bodenkunde,
155, 233–236.
Gilliam, F.S. & Dick, D.A. (2010) Spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients
and plant species in herb-dominated communities of contrasting
land use. Plant Ecol., 209, 83–94.
Gormally, C.L. & Donovan, L.A. (2010) Responses of Uniola paniculata L.
(Poaceae), an essential dune-building grass, to complex changing
environmental gradients on the coastal dunes. Estuar. Coast,
33, 1237–1246.
Green, S.M., Machin, R. & Cresser M.S. (2008) Effect of long-term
changes in soil chemistry induced by road salt applications on Ntransformations
in roadside soils. Environ. Pollution, 152, 20–31.
Greig-Smith, P. (1983) Quantitative Plant Ecology, 3rd edn. Oxford:
Blackwell Scientific Publications.
Hanway, J.J. & Heidel, H. (1952) Soil analysis methods as used in Iowa
State College Soil Testing Laboratory. Iowa Ag., 57, 1–31.
Hobai, R. (2009) Analysis of air temperature tendency in the upper
basin of Barland River. Carpathian J. Earth and Environ. Sci., 4,
75–88.
Hodge, A. (2006) Plastic plants and patchy soils. J. Exp. Bot., 57, 401–
411.
Hsu J. (1996) Multiple Comparisons: Theory and Methods. London:
Chapman Hall.
Huang, B. & Fry, J.D. (1999) Turfgrass evapotranspiration. J. Crop Prodn.,
2, 317–333.
Indian Bureau of Mines (2004) Manual of Procedures for Chemical and
Instrumental Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Ore Dressing Products
and Environmental Samples (pp 252-254). Nagpur.
Jackson, R.B. & Caldwell, M.M. (1993) The scale of nutrient heterogeneity
around individual plants and its quantification with geostatistics.
Ecology, 74, 612–614.
Jakobsen, S.T. (1993) Interaction between plant nutrients: III. Antagonism
between potassium, magnesium and calcium. Acta Agriculturae
Scandinavica B-Plant Soil Sciences, 43, 1–5.
Kachi, N. & Hirose, T. (1983) Limiting nutrients for plant growth in coastal
sand dune soils. J. Ecol., 71, 937–944.
Karthikeyan, C. & Selvaraj, T. (2009) Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungi (AMF) on the coastal saline soils of the west coast of
Kerala, Southern India. World J. Ag. Sci., 5, 803–809.
Koske, R.E., Gemma, J.N., Corkidi, L., Sigüenza, C. & Rincón, E. (2008)
Arbuscular mycorrhizas in coastal dunes. In: M.L.Martinez &N.P.
Psuty (Eds.), Coastal Dunes Ecology and Conservation (pp 173-
187). New York: Springer-Verlag.
Lammerts, E.J. & Grootjans, A.P. (1997) Nutrient deficiency in dune
slack pioneer vegetation: a review. J. Coast Conserv., 3, 87–94.
Lammerts, E.J., Petgel, D.M., Grootjans, A.P. & van der Veen, A. (1999)
Nutrient limitation and vegetation changes in a coastal dune
slack. J. Vegetation Sci., 10, 111–122.
Lane C., Wright, S.J., Roncal, J. & Maschinski, J. (2008) Characterizing
environmental gradients and their influence on vegetation zonation
in a subtropical coastal sand dune system. J. Coastal Res.,
24, 213–224.
Lichter, J. (1998) Primary succession and forest development on coastal
Lake Michigan sand dunes. Ecol. Monogr., 68, 487–510.
Lichter, J. (2000) Colonization constraints during primary succession on
coastal Lake Michigan sand dunes. J. Ecol., 88, 825–839.
Lindsay, W.L. & Norvell, W.A. (1978) Development of a DTPA soil test
for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 42,
421–428.
Mariko, S., Kachi, N., Ishikawa, S. & Furukawa, A. (1992) Germination
ecology of coastal plants in relation to salt environment. Ecol.
Res., 7, 225–233.
Maun, M.A. (2004) Burial of plants as a selective force in sand dunes.
In: M.L. Martinez & N.P. Psuty, Coastal Dunes Ecology and Conservation
(pp 119-135). Berlin: Springer.
Maun, M.A. (2009) The Biology of Coastal Sand Dunes. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
Moreno-Casasola, P. (1988) Patterns of plant species distribution on
coastal dunes along the Gulf of Mexico. J. Biogeogr., 15, 787–
806.
Morris, A. J., & Hesterberg, D. (2010) Mechanisms of phosphate dissolution
from soil organic matter. In 19th World Congress of Soil
Science. Soil solutions for a changing world (Vol. 16).
Muneer, M. & Oades, J.M. (1989) The role of Ca-organic interactions in
soil aggregate stability. III. Mechanisms and models. Aust. J. Soil
Res., 27, 411-423.
Munns, R. & Tester, M. (2008) Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annu.
Rev. Plant Biol., 59, 651–681.
Olsson, P.A., Jakobsen, I. & Wallander, H. (2002) Foraging and resource
allocation strategies of mycorrhizal fungi in a patchy environment.
In: M.G.A. van der Heijden & I.R. Sanders (Eds.), Mycorrhizal
Ecology (pp. 93–115). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Pennanen, T., Strömmer, R., Markkola, A. & Fritze, H. (2001) Microbial
and plant community structure across a primary succession gradient.
Scand. J. Forest Res., 16, 37–43.
Pierre, W.H. & Parker, F.W. (1927) Soil phosphorus studies: II. The concentration
of organic and inorganic phosphorus in the soil solution
and soil extracts and the availability of the organic phosphorus
to plants. Soil Sci., 24, 119–128.
Powles, S.B. (1984) Photoinhibition of photosynthesis induced by visible
light. Ann. Rev. Plant Physio., 35, 15–44.
Ranwell, D.S. (1972) Ecology of Salt Marshes and Sand Dunes. London:
Chapman and Hall.
Ripley, B.S. & Pammenter, N.W. (2004) Physiological characteristics of
coastal dune pioneer species from the Eastern Cape, South Africa,
in relation to stress and disturbance. In: M.L. Martínez &
N.P. Psuty (Eds.), Coastal Dunes: Ecology and Conservation (pp.
137–154). New York: Springer-Verlag.
Rozema, J., Bijwaard, P., Prast, G., & Broekman, R. (1985) Ecophysiological
adaptations of coastal halophytes from foredunes and salt
marshes. Vegetatio, 62, 499–521.
Sahrawat, K.L., Rego, T.J., Murthy, K.V.S. & Wani, S.P. (2009) Toxicity due
to salinity caused by the addition of excess compost in potted
plants. Current Sci., 97, 1718–1719.
Salisbury, F.B. & Ross, C.W. (1978) Plant Physiology, 2nd edn. Belmont,
California: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Sato, S., Neves, E.G., Solomon, D., Liang, B. & Lehmann, J. (2009) Biogenic
calcium phosphate transformation in soils over millennial
time scales. J. Soils Sediments, 9, 194–205.
Singh, D., Chhonkar, P.K. & Dwivedi, B.S. (2005) Manual on Soil, Plant
and Water Analysis. Westville Publishing House.
Six, J., Bossuyt, H., Degryze, S. &New Delhi: Denef, K. (2004) A history of
research on the link between (micro) aggregates, soil biota, and
soil organic matter dynamics. Soil Till. Res., 79, 7–31.
Six, J., Conant, R.T., Paul, E.A. & Paustian, K, (2002) Stabilization mechanisms
of soil organic matter: Implications for C-saturation of
soils. Plant Soil, 241, 155–176.
Sumner, M.E., Rengasamy, P. & Naidu, R. (1998) Sodic soils: A reappraisal.
In: M.E. Sumner & R. Naidu (Eds.), Sodic Soils: Distribution,
Properties, Management, and Environmental Consequences
(pp 3-17). New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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Copyright (c) 2016 A. Willis, PJ C Harris, B.F. Rodrigues, T.H. Sparks
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How to Cite
Willis, A., Harris, P. C., Rodrigues, B., & Sparks, T. (2016). Primary sand-dune plant community and soil properties during the west-coast India monsoon. European Journal of Ecology, 2(1), 60-71. https://doi.org/10.1515/eje-2016-0007
