Insights on the role of forest cover and on the changes in forest cover on thirty-five endangered mammal species distributions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2478/eje-2019-0016Keywords:
Endangered mammal species, forest cover, forest data, species distributions, species occurrences, thresholdAbstract
The changes in forest cover can determine the survival of terrestrial endangered mammal species in the wild. This study assessed the impacts of forest cover changes on endangered mammal species distribution at global scale aiming to understand how the changes in forest cover may have impacted the distributions of 35 endangered small and large-body terrestrial mammals. There were used forest data obtained from time-series analyses of Landsat images between 2000 and 2014, species occurrence records collected by observations between 2000 and 2015 of Global Biodiversity Information Facility and species range data of International Union for Nature Conservation (IUCN) of the year 2015, to test the ‘natural and resource conditions’ hypothesis. Hypothesis on ‘natural and resource conditions’ produced models with high prediction accuracy of above 70 percent for 88 percent of 35 species models. The changes in forest cover explained species occurrences in 10 percent of all species models. In average, 59 percent of species occurrence records overlapped with species range data. The 51 percent of all species had no occurrence records between 2000 and 2015. Species and forest data collection as well as transnational cooperation for conservation of species roaming in the wild in upland forested areas and in cross-border areas may be critical for endangered mammal species conservation.
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Fischer G. et al. 2008. Global Agroecological Zones Assessment for Agriculture (GAEZ 2008) Laxenburg. Austria. Available at: www.fao.org.
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Gaillard J.M. et al. 2010. Habitat-performance relationships: finding the right metric at a given spatial scale. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 365(1550) pp. 2255–2265.
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Hansen M.C. et al. 2013. High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change. Science (New York N.Y.) 342(6160) pp. 850–853.
Hesterberg T.C. 2015. What Teachers Should Know About the Bootstrap: Resampling in the Undergraduate Statistics Curriculum. The American Statistician 69(4) pp. 371–386. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2015.1089789.
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Iojă C. I. et al. 2010. The efficacy of Romania’s protected areas network in conserving biodiversity. Biological conservation 143:2468-2.
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IUCN and UNEP-WCMC 2015. The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) [Online] [version July 2015] Cambridge UK:UNEPWCMC. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net. [Accessed May 3 2016].
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Kanagaraj R. et al. 2011. Assessing habitat suitability for tiger in the fragmented Terai Arc Landscape of India and Nepal. Ecography 34(6) pp. 970–981. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06482.x.
Kehoe L. et al. 2016. Agriculture rivals biomes in predicting global species richness. Ecography p.n/a-n/a. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.02508.
Knorn J. et al. 2012. Forest restitution and protected area effectiveness in post-socialist Romania. Biological Conservation 146(1) pp. 204–212. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320711004836.
Liu C. et al. 2005. Selecting thresholds of occurrence in the prediction of species distributions. Ecography 28(3) pp. 385–393. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-7590.2005.03957.x.
Liu J. et al. 2001. Ecological Degradation in Protected Areas: The Case of Wolong Nature Reserve for Giant Pandas. Science 292(5514) pp. 98–101.
MacKinnon J. & De Wulf R. 1994. Designing protected areas for giant pandas in China. In R. I. Miller ed. Mapping the Diversity of Nature. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands pp. 127–142. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0719-8_8.
Di Marco M. et al. 2017. Limitations and trade-offs in the use of species distribution maps for protected area planning. Journal of Applied Ecology 54(2) pp. 402–411. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12771.
McCullagh P. & Nelder J.A. 1989. Generalized Linear Models. Chapman and Hall London England 511 pp.
Mohd-Azlan J. & Sanderson J. 2007. Geographic distribution and conservation status of the bay cat Catopuma badia a Bornean endemic. Oryx 41(3) pp. 394–397. Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/article/geographic-distribution-and-conservation-status-of-the-bay-cat-catopuma-badia-a-bornean-endemic/F80BFBE97BE28558BCAA3173F5A343E3.
Naves J. et al. 2003. Endangered Species Constrained by Natural and Human Factors: The Case of Brown Bears in Northern Spain. Conservation Biology 17(5) pp. 1276–1289. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3588953.
Nüchel J. et al. 2018. Snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus): potential distribution and its implication for conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation 27(6) pp. 1517–1538. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1507-0.
Pekin B.K. & Pijanowski B.C. 2012. Global land use intensity and the endangerment status of mammal species. Diversity and Distributions 18(9) pp. 909–918. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2012.00928.x.
Phillips S.J. Anderson R.P. & Schapire R.E. 2006. Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecological Modelling 190(3–4) pp. 231–259.
Pimm S.L. & Raven P. 2000. Biodiversity: Extinction by numbers. Nature 403(6772) pp.843–845. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35002708.
Pollock L.J. Thuiller W. & Jetz W. 2017. Large conservation gains possible for global biodiversity facets. Nature 546(7656) pp. 141–144.
R Development Core Team 2018. Bootstrap Resampling for Mixed Effects and Plain Models. Available at: github.com/ColmanHumphrey/glmmboot.
R Development Core Team R. 2011. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing R. D. C. Team ed. R Foundation for Statistical Computing 1(2.11.1) p. 409. Available at: http://www.r-project.org.
Ramankutty N. et al. 2010. Global Agricultural Lands: Pastures 2000. Data distributed by the Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Available at: http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/es/aglands.html [Accessed May 26 2016].
Rogers L.M. & Gorman M.L. 1995. The population dynamics of small mammals living in set-aside and surrounding semi-natural and crop land. Journal of Zoology 236(3) pp. 451–464. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1995.tb02724.x.
Rozendaal D. M. A. et al. ‘Biodiversity recovery of Neotropical secondary forests’ Sci. Adv. vol. 5 no. 3 p. eaau3114 Mar. 2019.
Soto C. & Palomares F. 2015. Coexistence of sympatric carnivores in relatively homogeneous Mediterranean landscapes: functional importance of habitat segregation at the fine-scale level. Oecologia 179(1) pp. 223–235.
Strindberg S. et al. 2018. Guns germs and trees determine density and distribution of gorillas and chimpanzees in Western Equatorial Africa. Science Advances 4(4). Available at: http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/4/eaar2964.abstract.
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2019-12-31
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Copyright (c) 2019 Kuenda Laze
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How to Cite
Laze, K. (2019). Insights on the role of forest cover and on the changes in forest cover on thirty-five endangered mammal species distributions. European Journal of Ecology, 5(2), 88-100. https://doi.org/10.2478/eje-2019-0016
