Dryas iulia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) larval preference and performance on four sympatric Passiflora hosts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17161/eurojecol.v7i1.13781Keywords:
Heliconiini, insect herbivory, insect preference-performance, leaf nutritional quality, leaf traits, passion fruitAbstract
Host plant quality is determinant for herbivorous insects performance and survival. While on larval stages, insects select their host plants based on factors such as leaf nitrogen and water content, digestibility, and defences. Of great interest is the coevolutionary relationship between the Heliconiini insects and the Passiflora plants. In this study we experimentally evaluated Dryas iulia (Nymphalidae) larval preference to four sympatric Passiflora (Passifloraceae) and subsequently, the larval performance on the two most consumed species. We tested the hypothesis that D. iulia larvae prefer the Passiflora species with higher nutritional quality and lower defence, which supports the greatest larval performance. Dryas iulia larvae preferred P. misera (60.5% leaf consumption) over P. pohlii (28.9%), P. suberosa (15.5%), and P. edulis (not consumed). Passiflora misera presented the highest N concentration, third in water content, second in tector trichomes, and no glandular trichomes (only P. suberosa did). Nitrogen best explained D. iulia larvae leaf consumption; which further explains the greatest larval performance in P. misera than in P. suberosa: i.e. higher survival (23.1%), conversion efficiency of ingested food (32.8%), relative growth rate (14.8%), heavier pupae (15.2%), and lower relative consumption rate (13.8%). This study creates the opportunity to further investigate the Heliconiini-Passiflora system and showed that D. iulia larvae can assess and choose the host plant (even among sympatric species) that supports the greatest performance.
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Fernandes, G.W. (1994) Plant mechanical defenses against insect herbivory. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 38, 421‒433.
García, M., Jáuregui, D., Pérez, D. (2000) Característica del indumento en holas de cuatro especies del genero Passiflora L. (Passsifloraceae). Acta Botánica Venezuélica, 23, 1-8.
Gilbert, L.E. (1971) Butterfly-plant coevolution: has Passiflora adenopoda won the selectional race with Heliconiine Butterflies? Science, 172, 585‒586. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.172.3983.585
Gilbert, L.E. (1991) Biodiversity of a Central American Heliconius community: patterns, process, and problems. In: Price, P.W., Lewinsohn, T.M., Fernandes, G.W., Benson, W.W. (eds). Plant-animal interactions: evolutionary ecology in tropical and temperate regions (pp 403-427). John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Griese, E., Pineda, A., Pashalidou, F.G., Iradi, E.P., Hilker, M., Dicke, M., et al. (2020) Plant responses to butterfly oviposition partly explain preference–performance relationships on different brassicaceous species. Oecologia, 192, 1‒13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04590-y
Gripenberg, S., Mayhew, P.J., Parnell, M., Roslin, T. (2010) A meta‐analysis of preference–performance relationships in phytophagous insects. Ecology Letters, 13, 383‒393. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01433.x
Hochuli, D.F. (1996) The ecology of plant/insect interactions: implications of digestive strategy for feeding by phytophagous insects. Oikos, 75, 133–141. https://doi.org/10.2307/3546331
Hothorn, T., Bretz, F., Westfall, P. (2008) Simultaneous inference in general parametric models. Biometrical Journal, 50, 346–363. https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200810425
Hulley, P.E. (1988) Caterpillar attacks plant mechanical defence by mowing trichomes before feeding. Ecological Entomology, 13, 239‒241.
Jaenike, J. (1978) On optimal oviposition behavior in phytophagous insects. Theoretical Population Biology, 14, 350‒356.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-5809(78)90012-6
Johansen, D.A. (1940) Plant Microtecnique. McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc., New York.
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Copyright (c) 2021 Lucas Arantes-Garcia, Renata A. Maia, Patrícia Valadão, Yumi Oki, Geraldo Wlson Fernandes
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Arantes-Garcia, L., A. Maia, R., Valadão, P., Oki, Y., & Wlson Fernandes, G. (2021). Dryas iulia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) larval preference and performance on four sympatric Passiflora hosts. European Journal of Ecology, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.17161/eurojecol.v7i1.13781
