Does the micro land snail, Kaliella barrakporensis (Mollusca: Gastropoda), exhibit plant preference and aggregation? A spatial scale analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17161/eurojecol.v7i1.13805Keywords:
micro land snails, Kaliella barrakporensis, Citrus limon, dispersion, host plantAbstract
The spatial scale occurrence of the micro land snail Kaliella barrakporensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1852) in the host plants was assessed in selected sites of West Bengal, India. In course of a survey, the collection of K. barrakporensis from randomly selected plants was accomplished for the purpose of highlighting – (a) distribution in host plants, (b) variation in abundance in different height and (c) the dispersion pattern. Although the snails were observed in seven different plants, the presence was more prominent in the lemon plant (Citrus limon), with an average of about 24 individuals / 100 leaves. The logit based principal component regression indicated significant differences in the choice of the host plants with abundance in C. limon followed by Hibiscus rosa sinensis and Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, which was further substantiated through ANOVA (F(1),6, 69 = 10.918; P < 0.001). The heterogeneity in the distribution of K. barrakporensis at different heights of the plant C. limon was also observed with maximum abundance at about 90cm height with least number of snails at the ground level (F(1)6,139 = 3.797;P < 0.0001). On the basis of the variance to mean ratio (s2/m = 1.847±0.161SE), negative binomial aggregation parameter k (1.034± 0.33 SE) and Lloyd mean crowding (ṁ) (1.083 ± 0.16SE) the dispersion of the snail appeared to comply with the clumped distribution in host plants. Apparently, the micro land snail K. barrakporensis exhibited clumped distribution in selected plant species that serve as the preferred resource and complies with the arboreal adaptation. However, further studies should be initiated on the resource preferences of the micro snail K. barrakporensis, to support conservation initiative and spread beyond native habitats.
References
Addinsoft, S.A.R.L. (2010) XLSTAT software, Version 10.0, Paris, France.
Alexander, N., Moyeed, R., Stander, J. (2000) Spatial modelling of individual-level parasite count using the negative binomial distribution. Biostatistics, 1: 453–463.
Anscombe, F.J. (1949) The statistical analysis of insect counts based on the negative binomial distribution. Biometrics, 5(2): 165–173.
Aravind, N.A., Rajashekhar, K.P., Madhyastha, N.A. (2008) Micromolluscs of Western Ghats, India: Diversity, distribution and threats. Zoosymposia, 1: 281–294.
Aravind, N.A., Rajashekhar, K.P., Madhyastha, N.A. (2010) A review of ecological studies on patterns and processes of distribution of land snails of the Western Ghats. Proceeding of World Congress of Malacology, 222p.
Aravind, N.A., Rajshekhar, K.P., Madhastha, N.A. (2005) Species diversity, endemism and distribution of land snails of the Western Ghats, India. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 68: 31–38.
Astor, T., Lenoir, L., Berg, M.P. (2015) Measuring feeding traits of a range of litter-consuming terrestrial snails: leaf litter consumption, faeces production and scaling with body size. Oecologia, 178: 833–845.
Astor, T., Strengbom, J., Berg, M.P., Lenoir, L., Marteinsdόttir, B., Bengtsson, J. (2014) Underdispersion and overdispersion of traits in terrestrial snail communities on islands. Ecology and Evolution, 4(11): 2090–2102.
Astor, T., von Proschwitz, T., Strengbon, J., Berg, M.P., Bengtsson, J. (2017) Importance of environmental and spatial components for species and trait composition in terrestrial snail communities. Journal of Biogeography, 44: 1362–1372.
Baur, B., Meier, T., Baur, A., Schmera, D. (2014) Terrestrial gastropod diversity in an alpine region: disentangling effects of elevation, area, geometric constraints habitat type and land use intensity. Ecography, 37: 390–401.
Binns, M.R., Bostanian, N.J. (1990) Robust binomial decision rules for integrated pest management based on negative binomial distribution. American Entomologist, 36: 50–54.
Bledose, M.E., Minnick, D.R. (1982) Citrus tree snail and suppression of Citrus Microbiota. Environmental Entomology, 11: 1091–1095.
Bloch, C.P., Stock, M. (2014) Avoidance of canopy gaps by a common land snail, Caracolus caracolla (L.), in montane forest in Puerto Rico. Caribbean Naturalist, 8:1–13
Brown, J.H., Mehlman, D.W., Stevens, G.C. (1995) Spatial variance in abundance. Ecology, 76(7): 2028–2043.
Clements, R., Lu, X.X., Ambu, S., Schilthuizen, M., Bradshaw, C. (2008) Using biogeographical patterns of endemic land snails to improve conservation planning for limestone karsts. Biological Conservation, 141: 2751–2764.
Craig, A.K. (1972) Observations on the arboreal snail Orthalicusfloridensis. Quarternary Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences, 35(1): 15–20.
Das, S., Bhaumik, S. (1998). Distribution and homing of tree snail Rhachisbengalensis Lamarck (Gastropoda) on a new host plant. The Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 95: 142–142.
Fon, J.K., Clements, G.R., Liew, T.-S. (2017) Diversity and biogeography of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the lime stone kills of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. Zookeys, 682: 1–94.
Guisan, A., Thuiller, W. (2005) Predicting species distribution: offering more than simple habitat models. Ecology Letters, 8: 993–1009.
Guisan, A., Zimmermann, N.E. (2000) Predictive habitat distribution model in ecology. Ecological Modelling, 135: 147–186.
Heatwole, H., Heatwole, A. (1978) Ecology of the Puerto Rican camaenid tree-snails. Malacologia, 17:241–315.
Hurlbert, S.H. (1990) Spatial distribution of the montane unicorn. Oikos, 58: 257–271.
Kasigwa, P.F. (1999a) Dispersion factors in the arboreal snail Sitalajenynsi (Gastropoda: Ariophantidae). South African Journal of Zoology, 34 (4): 145–153.
Kasigwa, P.F. (1999b) Snail arboreality: the micro distribution of Sitalajennysi (Gastropoda: Ariophantidae). South African Journal of Zoology, 34(4): 154–162.
Krebs, C.J. (1989) Ecological Methodology. Harper and Row. New York, 620p.
Linden, A., Mäntyniemi, S. (2011) Using the negative binomial distribution to model overdispersion in ecological count data. Ecology, 92(7): 1414–1421.
Lloyd, M. (1967) Mean crowding. Journal of Animal Ecology, 36: 1–30.
Lloyd-Smith, J.O. (2007). Maximum likelihood estimation of the negative binomial dispersion parameter for highly overdispersed data, with apploications to infectious diseases. PLos ONE, 2(2): e180.
Ludwig, J.A., Reynolds, J,F. (1988) Statistical ecology: a primer on methods and computing. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons, 337p.
Lydeard, C., Cowie, R.H., Ponder, W.F., Bogan, A.E., Bouchet, P., Clark, S.A., Cummings, K.S., Frest, T.J., Gargominy, O., Herbert, D.G., Hershler, R., Perez, K.E., Roth, B., Seddon, M., Srong, E.E., Thompson, F.G. (2004) The global decline of nonmarine molluscs. BioScience, 54: 321–330.
Madhyastha, N.A., Mavinkuruve, R.G., Shanbhag, S.P. (2004) Land snails of Western Ghats. In: ENVIS Bulletin: Wildlife and protected areas, conservation of rainforest in India4, Gupta, A.K., Kumarand, A., Ramakantha, V. (eds), Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, pp. 143–151.
Margules, C.R., Pressey, R.L. (2000) Systematic conservation planning. Nature, 405: 243–253.
McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A. (1989) Generalized linear models. Second Edition. Chapman and Hall, London, UK, 532p.
Moreno-Rueda, G. (2014) Distribution of arid-dwelling land snails according to dryness. Journal of Arid Environments, 103: 80–84.
Morisita, M. (1959) Measuring the dispersion of individuals and analysis of the distributional patterns. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series B, 2: 215–235.
Moritz, C., Richardson, K.S., Ferrier, S., Monteith, G.B., Stanisic, J., Williams, S.E., Whiffin, T. (2001) Biogeographical concordance and efficiency of taxon indicators for establishing conservation priority in a tropical rainforest biota. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B, 268: 1875–1881.
Myers, J.H. (1978) Selecting a measure of dispersion. Environmental Entomology, 7: 619–621.
Nurinsiyah, A.S., Fauzia, H., Hennig, C., Hausdorf, B. (2016) Native and introduced land snail species as ecological indicators in different land use types in Java. Ecological Indicators, 70: 557–565.
O’Hara, R.B., Kotze, D.J. (2010) Do not log-transform count data. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 1: 118–122.
Peńa-Rehbein, P., De los Ríos-Escalante, P.D. (2012) Use of negative binomial distribution to describe the presence of Anisakis in Thyrsitesatun. Revista Brasileria de Parasitologia Veterinaria, 21: 78–80.
Pielou, E.C. (1984) The interpretation of ecological data a primer on classification and ordination. John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA, 288p.
Pieters, E.P., Gates, C.E., Matis, J.H., Sterling, W.L. (1977) Small sample comparison of different estimators of negative binomial parameters. Biometrics, 33: 718–723.
Preece RC, Naggs F. 2014. Kaliella barrakporensis (Pfeiffer), a new hot-house alien in Britain. Journal of Conchology, 41: 781–782.
Raheem, D.C., Budha, P.B., Naggs, F., Preece, R.C. (2010) An illustrated guide to the terrestrial snails of Nepal. Natural History Museum, London.
Raheem, D.C., Naggs, F., Preece, R.C., Mapatuna, Y., Kariyawasam, L., Eggleton, P. (2008) Structure and conservation of Sri Lankan land-snail assemblages in fragmented lowland rainforest and village home gardens. Journal of Applied Ecology, 45: 1019–1028.
Raheem, D.C., Taylor, H., Ablett, J., Preece, R.C., Aravind, N.A., Naggs, F. (2014) A Systematic Revision of the land snails of the Western Ghats of India. Tropical Natural History, 4: 1–294.
Rao, H.S. (1925) On certain succineid molluscs from the Western Ghats, Bombay Presidency Records of the Indian Museum, 27: 385–400.
Rao, N.V.S., Raut, S.K., Mitra, S.C. (1984) Studies on the land snail Glessula gemma (Reeve) [Mollusca: Gastropoda]-I. Growth rate. Bulletin of Zoological Survey of India, 6(1-3). 335–336.
Raut SK, Biswas A. 1991. Natural History of the tree snail Rhachis bengalensis Lamarck (Gastropoda: Enidae). Bulletin of Malacology, R.O.C 16: 78–80.
Raut, S.K., Ghose, K.C. (1984) Natural History of a Succineid snail, Indosucceniasemiserica (Gould). Bulletin of Zoological Survey of India, 5(2&3): 191–193.
Remm, L., Lõhmus, A. (2016) Semi-naturally managed forests support diverse land snail assemblages in Estonia. Forest Ecology and Management, 363: 159–168.
Schilthuizen, M., Chai, H.N., Kimsen, T.E., Vermeulen, J.J. (2003) Abundance and diversity of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) on limestone hills in Borneo. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 51: 35–42.
Schilthuizen, M., Rutjes, H.A. (2001) Land snail diversity in a square kilometre of tropical rainforest in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 67(4): 417–423.
Schmera, D., Baur, B. (2014) Gastropod communities in alpine grassland are characterized by high beta diversity. Community Ecology, 15(2): 246–255.
Seddon, B.M. (2000) Molluscan diversity and impact of large dams. Prepared for thematic review II.1: Dams, ecosystem functions and environmental restoration. IUCN Report.
Seddon, M.B., Tattersfield, P., Herbert, D.G., Rowson, B., Lange, C.N., Ngereea, C., Warvi, C.M., Allen, J.A. (2005) Diversity of Affrican forest mollusc faunas: what we have learned since Solem(1984). Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement No 68: 103–113.
Sen, S., Ravikanth, G., Aravind, N.A. (2012) Land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of India: status, threats and conservation strategies. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 4(11): 3029–3037.
Solen, D.H., Croft, B.A. (1998) Detecting differences in arthropod aggregation by comparing the proportion of occupied sample units. EntomologiaExperimentalis et Applicata, 87:59–66.
Sugiura, S. (2011) Diverse plant taxa used by arboreal succineid snails as microhabitats. Journal of Natural History, 45: 23–24.
Takeuchi, M., Takeda, Y. (2016) Dependence of the endangered arboreal snail Satsuna(Luchuhadra) eucosmiaeucosmia (Camaenidae) on Ficus (Moraceae) trees as its main habitat. Molluscan Research, 36(4): 231–238.
Tattersfied, P., Warui, C.M., Seddon, M.B., Kiringe, J.W. (2001) Land snail faunas of afromontane forests of Mount Kaenya, Kanya: Ecology, diversity and distribution pattern. Journal of Biogeography, 28(7): 843–861.
Taylor, L.R. (1961) Aggregation, variance and the mean. Nature, 189: 732–735.
Taylor, L.R. (1984) Assessing and interpreting the spatial distribution of insect populations. Annual Review of Entomology, 29: 321–357.
Taylor, L.R., Woiwod, I.P., Perry, J.N. (1978) The density dependence of spatial behaviour and the rarity of randomness. Journal of Animal Ecology, 51: 383–406.
Uchida, R., Yahya, B.E., Ahmad, A.H., Sapaat, A., Tomiyama, K. (2013) Land snail fauna of Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia. Venus, 71(1-2): 49–59.
Watada, H., Wada, K. (1996) Arboreal distribution of the land snail Euhadra amaliae. Venus, 55: 123–137.
Watada, H., Wada, K. (1998) Tree species preference of the arboreal snail Euhadra amaliae. Venus, 57: 29–37.
White, G.C., Bennetts, R.E. (1996). Analysis of frequency count data using the negative binomial distribution. Ecology, 77: 2549–2557.
Zar, J.H. (1999) Biostatistical Analysis. IV ed. New Delhi, India: Pearson Education Singapore Pte. Ltd., Indian Branch, 663p.
Alexander, N., Moyeed, R., Stander, J. (2000) Spatial modelling of individual-level parasite count using the negative binomial distribution. Biostatistics, 1: 453–463.
Anscombe, F.J. (1949) The statistical analysis of insect counts based on the negative binomial distribution. Biometrics, 5(2): 165–173.
Aravind, N.A., Rajashekhar, K.P., Madhyastha, N.A. (2008) Micromolluscs of Western Ghats, India: Diversity, distribution and threats. Zoosymposia, 1: 281–294.
Aravind, N.A., Rajashekhar, K.P., Madhyastha, N.A. (2010) A review of ecological studies on patterns and processes of distribution of land snails of the Western Ghats. Proceeding of World Congress of Malacology, 222p.
Aravind, N.A., Rajshekhar, K.P., Madhastha, N.A. (2005) Species diversity, endemism and distribution of land snails of the Western Ghats, India. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 68: 31–38.
Astor, T., Lenoir, L., Berg, M.P. (2015) Measuring feeding traits of a range of litter-consuming terrestrial snails: leaf litter consumption, faeces production and scaling with body size. Oecologia, 178: 833–845.
Astor, T., Strengbom, J., Berg, M.P., Lenoir, L., Marteinsdόttir, B., Bengtsson, J. (2014) Underdispersion and overdispersion of traits in terrestrial snail communities on islands. Ecology and Evolution, 4(11): 2090–2102.
Astor, T., von Proschwitz, T., Strengbon, J., Berg, M.P., Bengtsson, J. (2017) Importance of environmental and spatial components for species and trait composition in terrestrial snail communities. Journal of Biogeography, 44: 1362–1372.
Baur, B., Meier, T., Baur, A., Schmera, D. (2014) Terrestrial gastropod diversity in an alpine region: disentangling effects of elevation, area, geometric constraints habitat type and land use intensity. Ecography, 37: 390–401.
Binns, M.R., Bostanian, N.J. (1990) Robust binomial decision rules for integrated pest management based on negative binomial distribution. American Entomologist, 36: 50–54.
Bledose, M.E., Minnick, D.R. (1982) Citrus tree snail and suppression of Citrus Microbiota. Environmental Entomology, 11: 1091–1095.
Bloch, C.P., Stock, M. (2014) Avoidance of canopy gaps by a common land snail, Caracolus caracolla (L.), in montane forest in Puerto Rico. Caribbean Naturalist, 8:1–13
Brown, J.H., Mehlman, D.W., Stevens, G.C. (1995) Spatial variance in abundance. Ecology, 76(7): 2028–2043.
Clements, R., Lu, X.X., Ambu, S., Schilthuizen, M., Bradshaw, C. (2008) Using biogeographical patterns of endemic land snails to improve conservation planning for limestone karsts. Biological Conservation, 141: 2751–2764.
Craig, A.K. (1972) Observations on the arboreal snail Orthalicusfloridensis. Quarternary Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences, 35(1): 15–20.
Das, S., Bhaumik, S. (1998). Distribution and homing of tree snail Rhachisbengalensis Lamarck (Gastropoda) on a new host plant. The Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 95: 142–142.
Fon, J.K., Clements, G.R., Liew, T.-S. (2017) Diversity and biogeography of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the lime stone kills of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. Zookeys, 682: 1–94.
Guisan, A., Thuiller, W. (2005) Predicting species distribution: offering more than simple habitat models. Ecology Letters, 8: 993–1009.
Guisan, A., Zimmermann, N.E. (2000) Predictive habitat distribution model in ecology. Ecological Modelling, 135: 147–186.
Heatwole, H., Heatwole, A. (1978) Ecology of the Puerto Rican camaenid tree-snails. Malacologia, 17:241–315.
Hurlbert, S.H. (1990) Spatial distribution of the montane unicorn. Oikos, 58: 257–271.
Kasigwa, P.F. (1999a) Dispersion factors in the arboreal snail Sitalajenynsi (Gastropoda: Ariophantidae). South African Journal of Zoology, 34 (4): 145–153.
Kasigwa, P.F. (1999b) Snail arboreality: the micro distribution of Sitalajennysi (Gastropoda: Ariophantidae). South African Journal of Zoology, 34(4): 154–162.
Krebs, C.J. (1989) Ecological Methodology. Harper and Row. New York, 620p.
Linden, A., Mäntyniemi, S. (2011) Using the negative binomial distribution to model overdispersion in ecological count data. Ecology, 92(7): 1414–1421.
Lloyd, M. (1967) Mean crowding. Journal of Animal Ecology, 36: 1–30.
Lloyd-Smith, J.O. (2007). Maximum likelihood estimation of the negative binomial dispersion parameter for highly overdispersed data, with apploications to infectious diseases. PLos ONE, 2(2): e180.
Ludwig, J.A., Reynolds, J,F. (1988) Statistical ecology: a primer on methods and computing. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons, 337p.
Lydeard, C., Cowie, R.H., Ponder, W.F., Bogan, A.E., Bouchet, P., Clark, S.A., Cummings, K.S., Frest, T.J., Gargominy, O., Herbert, D.G., Hershler, R., Perez, K.E., Roth, B., Seddon, M., Srong, E.E., Thompson, F.G. (2004) The global decline of nonmarine molluscs. BioScience, 54: 321–330.
Madhyastha, N.A., Mavinkuruve, R.G., Shanbhag, S.P. (2004) Land snails of Western Ghats. In: ENVIS Bulletin: Wildlife and protected areas, conservation of rainforest in India4, Gupta, A.K., Kumarand, A., Ramakantha, V. (eds), Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, pp. 143–151.
Margules, C.R., Pressey, R.L. (2000) Systematic conservation planning. Nature, 405: 243–253.
McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A. (1989) Generalized linear models. Second Edition. Chapman and Hall, London, UK, 532p.
Moreno-Rueda, G. (2014) Distribution of arid-dwelling land snails according to dryness. Journal of Arid Environments, 103: 80–84.
Morisita, M. (1959) Measuring the dispersion of individuals and analysis of the distributional patterns. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series B, 2: 215–235.
Moritz, C., Richardson, K.S., Ferrier, S., Monteith, G.B., Stanisic, J., Williams, S.E., Whiffin, T. (2001) Biogeographical concordance and efficiency of taxon indicators for establishing conservation priority in a tropical rainforest biota. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B, 268: 1875–1881.
Myers, J.H. (1978) Selecting a measure of dispersion. Environmental Entomology, 7: 619–621.
Nurinsiyah, A.S., Fauzia, H., Hennig, C., Hausdorf, B. (2016) Native and introduced land snail species as ecological indicators in different land use types in Java. Ecological Indicators, 70: 557–565.
O’Hara, R.B., Kotze, D.J. (2010) Do not log-transform count data. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 1: 118–122.
Peńa-Rehbein, P., De los Ríos-Escalante, P.D. (2012) Use of negative binomial distribution to describe the presence of Anisakis in Thyrsitesatun. Revista Brasileria de Parasitologia Veterinaria, 21: 78–80.
Pielou, E.C. (1984) The interpretation of ecological data a primer on classification and ordination. John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA, 288p.
Pieters, E.P., Gates, C.E., Matis, J.H., Sterling, W.L. (1977) Small sample comparison of different estimators of negative binomial parameters. Biometrics, 33: 718–723.
Preece RC, Naggs F. 2014. Kaliella barrakporensis (Pfeiffer), a new hot-house alien in Britain. Journal of Conchology, 41: 781–782.
Raheem, D.C., Budha, P.B., Naggs, F., Preece, R.C. (2010) An illustrated guide to the terrestrial snails of Nepal. Natural History Museum, London.
Raheem, D.C., Naggs, F., Preece, R.C., Mapatuna, Y., Kariyawasam, L., Eggleton, P. (2008) Structure and conservation of Sri Lankan land-snail assemblages in fragmented lowland rainforest and village home gardens. Journal of Applied Ecology, 45: 1019–1028.
Raheem, D.C., Taylor, H., Ablett, J., Preece, R.C., Aravind, N.A., Naggs, F. (2014) A Systematic Revision of the land snails of the Western Ghats of India. Tropical Natural History, 4: 1–294.
Rao, H.S. (1925) On certain succineid molluscs from the Western Ghats, Bombay Presidency Records of the Indian Museum, 27: 385–400.
Rao, N.V.S., Raut, S.K., Mitra, S.C. (1984) Studies on the land snail Glessula gemma (Reeve) [Mollusca: Gastropoda]-I. Growth rate. Bulletin of Zoological Survey of India, 6(1-3). 335–336.
Raut SK, Biswas A. 1991. Natural History of the tree snail Rhachis bengalensis Lamarck (Gastropoda: Enidae). Bulletin of Malacology, R.O.C 16: 78–80.
Raut, S.K., Ghose, K.C. (1984) Natural History of a Succineid snail, Indosucceniasemiserica (Gould). Bulletin of Zoological Survey of India, 5(2&3): 191–193.
Remm, L., Lõhmus, A. (2016) Semi-naturally managed forests support diverse land snail assemblages in Estonia. Forest Ecology and Management, 363: 159–168.
Schilthuizen, M., Chai, H.N., Kimsen, T.E., Vermeulen, J.J. (2003) Abundance and diversity of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) on limestone hills in Borneo. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 51: 35–42.
Schilthuizen, M., Rutjes, H.A. (2001) Land snail diversity in a square kilometre of tropical rainforest in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 67(4): 417–423.
Schmera, D., Baur, B. (2014) Gastropod communities in alpine grassland are characterized by high beta diversity. Community Ecology, 15(2): 246–255.
Seddon, B.M. (2000) Molluscan diversity and impact of large dams. Prepared for thematic review II.1: Dams, ecosystem functions and environmental restoration. IUCN Report.
Seddon, M.B., Tattersfield, P., Herbert, D.G., Rowson, B., Lange, C.N., Ngereea, C., Warvi, C.M., Allen, J.A. (2005) Diversity of Affrican forest mollusc faunas: what we have learned since Solem(1984). Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement No 68: 103–113.
Sen, S., Ravikanth, G., Aravind, N.A. (2012) Land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of India: status, threats and conservation strategies. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 4(11): 3029–3037.
Solen, D.H., Croft, B.A. (1998) Detecting differences in arthropod aggregation by comparing the proportion of occupied sample units. EntomologiaExperimentalis et Applicata, 87:59–66.
Sugiura, S. (2011) Diverse plant taxa used by arboreal succineid snails as microhabitats. Journal of Natural History, 45: 23–24.
Takeuchi, M., Takeda, Y. (2016) Dependence of the endangered arboreal snail Satsuna(Luchuhadra) eucosmiaeucosmia (Camaenidae) on Ficus (Moraceae) trees as its main habitat. Molluscan Research, 36(4): 231–238.
Tattersfied, P., Warui, C.M., Seddon, M.B., Kiringe, J.W. (2001) Land snail faunas of afromontane forests of Mount Kaenya, Kanya: Ecology, diversity and distribution pattern. Journal of Biogeography, 28(7): 843–861.
Taylor, L.R. (1961) Aggregation, variance and the mean. Nature, 189: 732–735.
Taylor, L.R. (1984) Assessing and interpreting the spatial distribution of insect populations. Annual Review of Entomology, 29: 321–357.
Taylor, L.R., Woiwod, I.P., Perry, J.N. (1978) The density dependence of spatial behaviour and the rarity of randomness. Journal of Animal Ecology, 51: 383–406.
Uchida, R., Yahya, B.E., Ahmad, A.H., Sapaat, A., Tomiyama, K. (2013) Land snail fauna of Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia. Venus, 71(1-2): 49–59.
Watada, H., Wada, K. (1996) Arboreal distribution of the land snail Euhadra amaliae. Venus, 55: 123–137.
Watada, H., Wada, K. (1998) Tree species preference of the arboreal snail Euhadra amaliae. Venus, 57: 29–37.
White, G.C., Bennetts, R.E. (1996). Analysis of frequency count data using the negative binomial distribution. Ecology, 77: 2549–2557.
Zar, J.H. (1999) Biostatistical Analysis. IV ed. New Delhi, India: Pearson Education Singapore Pte. Ltd., Indian Branch, 663p.
Downloads
Published
2021-06-28
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Himangshu, Gautam Aditya
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright in their articles.
Articles in the European Journal of Ecology published 2020 and after are made available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license.
Articles in the European Journal of Ecology published 2015-2019 are made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 license.
How to Cite
Barman, H., & Aditya, G. (2021). Does the micro land snail, Kaliella barrakporensis (Mollusca: Gastropoda), exhibit plant preference and aggregation? A spatial scale analysis. European Journal of Ecology, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.17161/eurojecol.v7i1.13805
