EFFECTS OF HUMAN DISTURBANCES ON THE SEED DISPERSAL BY BATS COMMUNITIES ON THE ANDEAN CHOCÓ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17161/eurojecol.v9i2.18708Keywords:
Succesional trajectories, priority effects, ecosystem services, edge effectAbstract
In the northwest of Pichincha (Ecuador), the last tropical forests of the Chocó located in the Mashpi mountains have been fragmented due to deforestation and cattle ranching. We identified four different types of habitats in the area, based on the conservation status and management strategies: primary forest (PF), secondary forest in natural regeneration (SF1), secondary forest in assisted regeneration (SF2), and pastures for cattle (P). This research analyzed how the disturbances of each habitat influence the seed communities dispersed by understory fruit bats. Additionally, we studied the availability of plant resources that these animals can disperse in each habitat. In our results, anthropogenic disturbances caused significant changes in the natural dynamics of seed dispersal in disturbed habitats (SF1, SF2, and P). These alterations are delaying the processes of secondary succession and species recruitment, making it difficult to predict the successional trajectories that these habitats will follow in the future.
References
Aguilar-Garavito, M., Miguel Renjifo, L. & Pérez-Torres, J. (2014). Seed dispersal by bats across four successional stages of a subandean landscape . Biota Colombiana, 15(2), 87–101. http://revistas.humboldt.org.co/index.php/biota/article/view/357/355
Arias, E. & Pacheco, V. (2019). Dieta y estructura trófica en un ensamble de murciélagos en el bosque montano del Santuario Nacional Pampa Hermosa, Junín, Perú Edith. Revista Peruana de Biología, 26(2), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v26i2.16375
Baker, R. J. & Bradley, R. D. (2006). Speciation in mammals and the genetic species concept. Howard and Berlocher, 87(4), 643–662. www.mammalogy.org
Baniya, C. B., Solhoy, T. & Vetaas, O. R. (2008). Temporal changes in species diversity and composition in abandoned fields in a -Himalayan landscape, Nepal. Herbaceous Plant Ecology: Recent Advances in Plant Ecology, 19–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2798-6_2
Boyle, S. A., Zartman, C. E., Spironello, W. R. & Smith, A. T. (2012). Implications of habitat fragmentation on the diet of bearded saki monkeys in central Amazonian forest. Journal of Mammalogy, 93(4), 959–976. https://doi.org/10.1644/11-MAMM-A-286.1
Calderón-Acevedo, C. A., Bagley, J. C. & Muchhala, N. (2022). Genome-wide ultraconserved elements resolve phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history among Neotropical leaf-nosed bats in the genus Anoura (Phyllostomidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 167, 107356. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YMPEV.2021.107356
Calderon-Aguilera, L. E., Rivera-Monroy, V. H., Porter-Bolland, L., Martínez-Yrízar, A., Ladah, L. B., Martínez-Ramos, M., Alcocer, J., Santiago-Pérez, A. L., Hernandez-Arana, H. A., Reyes-Gómez, V. M., Pérez-Salicrup, D. R., Díaz-Nuñez, V., Sosa-Ramírez, J., Herrera-Silveira, J. & Búrquez, A. (2012). An assessment of natural and human disturbance effects on Mexican ecosystems: Current trends and research gaps. Biodiversity and Conservation, 21(3), 589–617. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10531-011-0218-6
Castro-Luna, A. A., Sosa, V. J. & Castillo-Campos, G. (2007). Bat diversity and abundance associated with the degree of secondary succession in a tropical forest mosaic in south-eastern Mexico. Animal Conservation, 10(2), 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1469-1795.2007.00097.X
Chazdon, R. L. (2003). Tropical forest recovery: Legacies of human impact and natural disturbances. Urban & Fischer Verlag, 6/(1,2), 51–71. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1078/1433-8319-00042
Dalling, J. W. & Hubbell, S. P. (2002). Seed Size, Growth Rate and Gap Microsite Conditions as Determinants of Recruitment Success for Pioneer Species. Journal of Ecology, 90(1), 557–568. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3072239
Dent, D. H., Dewalt, S. J. & Denslow, J. S. (2013). Secondary forests of central Panama increase in similarity to old-growth forest over time in shade tolerance but not species composition. Journal of Vegetation Science, 24(3), 530–542. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01482.x
Dinamic Ventures INC. (2017). CountThings from Photos 3.34.0. (Aplicación Móvil de Google Play Store). https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.dyve.countthings
Enríquez-Acevedo, T., Pérez-Torres, J., Ruiz-Agudelo, C. & Suarez, A. (2020). Seed dispersal by fruit bats in Colombia generates ecosystem services. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 2020 40:6, 40(6), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/S13593-020-00645-0
Fukami, T. (2015). Historical Contingency in Community Assembly: Integrating Niches, Species Pools, and Priority Effects. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1146/Annurev-Ecolsys-110411-160340, 46, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-ECOLSYS-110411-160340
Gorresen, P. M. & Willig, M. R. (2004). Landscape Responses of Bats to Habitat Fragmentation in Atlantic Forest of Paraguay. Journal of Mammalogy, 85(4), 688–697. https://doi.org/10.1644/BWG-125
Hooper, E. R., Legendre, P. & Condit, R. (2004). Factors affecting community composition of forest regeneration in deforested, abandoned land in Panama. Ecology, 85(12), 3313–3326. https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0655
Jarrín, P. V. & Clare, E. L. (2013). Systematics of sturnira (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in ecuador, with comments on species boundaries. Zootaxa, 3630(1), 165–183. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3630.1.7
Kelm, D. H., Wiesner, K. R. & Helversen, O. Von. (2008). Effects of Artificial Roosts for Frugivorous Bats on Seed Dispersal in a Neotropical Forest Pasture Mosaic. Conservation Biology, 22(3), 733–741. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00925.x
Kindt, R. (2021). Package ‘BiodiversityR.’ https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/BiodiversityR/BiodiversityR.pdf
Kirkbride, J., Gunn, J. C. & Dalwitz, M. (2006). Family Guide for Fruits and Seeds. United States Deparment of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service. https://nt.ars-grin.gov/seedsfruits/keys/frsdfam/index.cfm
Lepš, J., Novotný, V., Čížek, L., Molem, K., Isua, B., Boen, W., Kutil, R., Auga, J., Kasbal, M., Manumbor, M. & Hiuk, S. (2002). Successful invasion of the neotropical species Piper aduncum in rain forests in Papua New Guinea. Applied Vegetation Science, 5(1), 255–262. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.715.9799&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Lobova, T., Geiselman, C. & Mori, S. (2009). Seed dispersal by bats in the Neotropics (1ra Ed.). The New York Botanical Garden. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285858372_Seed_dispersal_by_bats_in_the_Neotropics
Longworth, J. B., Mesquita, R., Bentos, T. V., Moreira, M. P., Massoca, P. E. & Williamson, G. B. (2014). Shifts in Dominance and Species Assemblages over Two Decades in Alternative Successions in Central Amazonia. Biotropica, 46(5), 529–537. https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12143
Longworth, J. B. & Williamson, G. B. (2018). Composition and Diversity of Woody Plants in Tree Plantations Versus Secondary Forests in Costa Rican Lowlands. Tropical Biology and Conservation Management, 11, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940082918773298
López-Baucells, A., Rocha, R., Bobrowiec, P. E. D., Bernard, E., Palmeirin, J. & Meyer, C. (2016). Field Guide To Amazonian Bats (1ra Ed). Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA).
Lü, Y. & Wang, S. (2017). Ecosystem services. Springer Geography, January 2014, 419–433. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1884-8_19
MAE. (2013). Sistema de clasificación de los ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental (1ra ed.). Subsecretaria de Patrimonio Natural.
Magalhaes de Oliveira, H. & Pereira, B. (2016). Guia de Sementes Dispersas Por Morcegos. https://es.scribd.com/doc/313283466/guia-de-sementes-dispersas-por-morcegos
Markl, J. S., Schleuning, M., Forget, P. M., Jordano, P., Lambert, J. E., Traveset, A., Wright, S. J. & Böhning-Gaese, K. (2012). Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Human Disturbance on Seed Dispersal by Animals. Conservation Biology, 26(6), 1072–1081. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01927.x
Martín-López, B., González, J. ., Díaz, S., Castro, I. & García-Llorente, M. (2007). Biodiversidad y bienestar humano: el papel de la diversidad funcional. Ecosistemas, 16(3), 68–79. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/540/54016308.pdf
Medellín, R. A., Equihua, M. & Amin, M. A. (2000). Bat Diversity and Abundance as Indicators of Disturbance in Neotropical Rainforests. Conservation Biology, 14(6), 1666–1675. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2000.99068.x
Mesquita, R., Ickes, K., Ganade, G. & Bruce Williamson, G. (2001). Alternative successional pathways in the Amazon Basin. Journal of Ecology, 89(4), 528–537. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00583.x
Mesquita, R., Massoca, P. E. D. S., Jakovac, C. C., Bentos, T. V. & Williamson, G. B. (2015). Succession of the Amazon rainforest: stochasticity or legacy of land use? BioScience, 65(9), 849–861. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv108
Meyer, C. F. J., Struebig, M. J. & Willig, M. R. (2016). Responses of Tropical Bats to Habitat Fragmentation, Logging, and Deforestation. Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of Bats in a Changing World, 63–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25220-9_4
Mostacedo, B. & Fredericksen, T. (2000). Manual de Métodos Básicos de Muestreo y Análisis en Ecología Vegetal (1ra Ed.). Proyecto de Manejo Forestal (BOLFOR). https://doi.org/10.1080/01443610410001722590
Muñoz-Lazo, F. J. J., Franco-Trecu, V., Naya, D. E., Martinelli, L. A. & Cruz-Neto, A. P. (2019). Trophic niche changes associated with habitat fragmentation in a Neotropical bat species. Biotropica, 51(5), 709–718. https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12693
Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, (MECN). (2010). Áreas Naturales del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito: Diagnóstico Bioecológico y Socioambiental. (1ra Ed.). Reporte Técnico N° 1. Serie de Publicaciones del Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales (MECN). 1- 216 pp.
N’Dja, J. K. K. & Decocq, G. (2008). Successional Patterns of Plant Species and Community Diversity in a Semi-Deciduous Tropical Forest under Shifting Cultivation. Journal of Vegetation Science, 19(6), 809–820. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25549229
Neuschulz, E. L., Mueller, T., Schleuning, M. & Böhning-Gaese, K. (2016). Pollination and seed dispersal are the most threatened processes of plant regeneration. Scientific Reports, 6, 6–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep29839
Norden, N., Mesquita, R., Bentos, T. V., Chazdon, R. L. & Williamson, G. B. (2011). Contrasting community compensatory trends in alternative successional pathways in central Amazonia. Oikos, 120(1), 143–151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18335.x
Novoa, S., Cadenillas, R. & Pacheco, V. (2011). Dispersión de semillas por murciélagos frugívoros en el Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape, Tumbes, Perú. Mastozoología Neotropical, 18(1), 81–93.
Odion, D. C., Moritz, M. A. & Dellasala, D. A. (2010). Alternative Community States Maintained by Fire in the Klamath Mountains, USA. Journal of Ecology, 98(1), 96–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01597.x
Oksanen, J., Guillaume Blanchet, F Friendly, M., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., McGlinn, D., Minchin, P. ., O’Hara, R. B., Simpson, G., Solymos, P., Stevens H., M. H., Eduard, S. & Wagner, H. (2020). Package Vegan. Https://Cran.r-Project.Org/Web/Packages/Vegan/Vegan.Pdf. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vegan/vegan.pdf
Osman, R. W. (2015). The Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis. Encyclopedia of Ecology, 441–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.09480-X
Piotto, D., Craven, D., Montagnini, F., Ashton, M., Oliver, C. & Thomas, W. W. (2019). Successional, spatial, and seasonal changes in seed rain in the Atlantic forest of southern Bahia, Brazil. PLoS ONE, 14(12), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0226474
Presley, S. J., Willig, M. R., Castro-Arellano, I. & Weaver, S. C. (2009). Effects of habitat conversion on temporal activity patterns of phyllostomid bats in lowland amazonian rain forest. Journal of Mammalogy, 90(1), 210–221. https://doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-089.1/2/JMAMMAL-90-1-210-FIG4.JPEG
Rawat, U. S. & Agarwal, N. K. (2015). Biodiversity: Concept, threats and conservation. Environment Conservation Journal, 16(3), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2015.16303
Roy, B. A., Zorrilla, M., Endara, L., Thomas, D. C., Vandegrift, R., Rubenstein, J. M., Policha, T., Ríos-Touma, B. & Read, M. (2018). New Mining Concessions Could Severely Decrease Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Ecuador. Tropical Conservation Science, 11. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940082918780427
Ruelas, D. (2017). Diferenciación morfológica de Carollia brevicauda y C. perspicillata (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) de Perú y Ecuador. Revista Peruana de Biologia, 24(4), 363–382. https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v24i4.14063
Saldaña-Vázquez, R. A. (2014). Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting dietary specialization in Neotropical fruit bats. Mammal Review, 44(3–4), 215–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12024
Sikes, R. & Gannon, W. (2016). Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogy for the Use of Wild Mammals in Research. Journal of Mammalogy., 97(3), 663–668.
Soininen, J., McDonald, R. & Hillebrand, H. (2007). The distance decay of similarity in ecological communities. Ecography, 30(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0906-7590.04817.x
Tirira, D. (2017). Guía de campo de los mamíferos del Ecuador (Editorial murciélago blanco (ed.); 2da ed.).
Tirira, D. & Burneo, S. (2012). Investigación y Conservación sobre murciélagos en Ecuador (1ra Ed, Issue 4). Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Fundación Mamíferos y Conservación y Asociación Ecuatoriana de Mastozoología. Publicación especial sobre los mamíferos del Ecuador 9.
Velazco, P. M. & Patterson, B. D. (2013). Diversification of the Yellow-shouldered bats, Genus Sturnira (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae), in the New World tropics. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 68(3), 683–698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.04.016
Wayne Rasband (NIH). (2019). Image J 1.52p. (software de procesamiento de imagen digital de dominio público). https://imagej.net/downloads
Weidlich, E. W. A., Nelson, C. R., Maron, J. L., Callaway, R. M., Delory, B. M. & Temperton, V. M. (2021). Priority effects and ecological restoration. Restoration Ecology, 29(1), e13317. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13317
Wieland, L. M., Mesquita, R., Bobrowiec, P. E. D., Bentos, T. V. & Williamson, G. B. (2011). Seed Rain and Advance Regeneration in Secondary Succession in the Brazilian Amazon. Tropical Conservation Science, 4(3), 300–316. https://doi.org/10.1177/194008291100400308
Wilsey, B. J., Barber, K. & Martin, L. M. (2015). Exotic grassland species have stronger priority effects than natives regardless of whether they are cultivated or wild genotypes. New Phytologist, 205(2), 928–937. https://doi.org/10.1111/NPH.13028
WWF. (2020). Informe planeta vivo 2020. Midiendo la curva de la pérdida de Biodiversidad/ Living planet report 2020. Bendig the curve of biodiversity loss (S. Almond, R.E.A., Grooten M. and Petersen, T. (Eds). WWF, Gland (ed.); 1ra Ed.). https://f.hubspotusercontent20.net/hubfs/4783129/LPR/PDFs/ENGLISH-FULL.pdf
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Marco Antonio Rodríguez Segovia, María Mercedes
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright in their articles.
Articles in the European Journal of Ecology published 2020 and after are made available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license.
Articles in the European Journal of Ecology published 2015-2019 are made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 license.
