New mid-Cretaceous earwigs in amber from Myanmar (Dermaptera)

Authors

  • Michael S. Engel University of Kansas & American Museum of Natural History
  • David A. Grimaldi American Museum of Natural History

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17161/np.v0i6.4676

Keywords:

Taxonomy, Dermaptera, Neodermaptera, earwigs, Cretaceous, amber, Myanmar

Abstract

Two new genera and species of mid-Cretaceous earwigs are described and figured from Burmese (Myanmar) amber.  Zigrasolabis speciosa Engel & Grimaldi, new genus and species, is represented by a series of females in a single, large piece of amber.  Toxolabis zigrasi Engel & Grimaldi, new genus and species, is based on a single male.  Two first-instar nymphs in the same piece as T. zigrasi may represent early stadia for this species.  In addition, two further morphospecies of isolated nymphs are recorded.  Both of the described genera belong to the Neodermaptera (Zigrasolabis a labidurine, Toxolabis likely an anisolabidine) but can be excluded from the Eudermaptera clade, the latter of which likely originated and diversified in the Early Tertiary or latest Cretaceous.

References

Alford, D.V. 2007. Pests of Fruit Crops: A Colour Handbook. Manson Publishing; London, UK; 461 pp.

Berenbaum, M.R. 2007. Lend me your earwigs. American Entomologist 53(4): 196–197.

Berenbaum, M.R. 2009. The Earwig’s Tail: A Modern Bestiary of Multi-legged Legends. Harvard University Press; Cambridge, MA; xii+194 pp.

Bower, C.C. 1992. Control of European earwig, Forficula auricularia L., in stonefruit orchards at Young, New South Wales. General and Applied Entomology 24: 11–18.

Carroll, D.P., & S.C. Hoyt. 1984. Augmentation of European earwig (Dermaptera, Forficulidae) for biological control of apple aphid (Homoptera, Aphididae) in an apple orchard. Journal of Economic Entomology 77(3): 738–740.

Cockerell, T.D.A. 1920. Fossil arthropods in the British Museum – IV. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 6: 211–214.

Costa, J.T. 2006. The Other Insect Societies. Harvard University Press; Cambridge, MA; xiv+[i]+767 pp.

Dobler, R., & M. Kölliker. 2010. Kin-selected siblicide and cannibalism in the European earwig. Behavioral Ecology 21(2): 257–263.

Engel, M.S. 2009. Gregarious behaviour in Cretaceous earwig nymphs (Insecta, Dermaptera) from southwestern France. Geodiversitas 31(1): 129–135.

Engel, M.S. 2011. New earwigs in mid-Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Dermaptera, Neodermaptera). ZooKeys 130: 137–152.

Engel, M.S., & S. Chatzimanolis. 2005. Early Cretaceous earwigs (Dermaptera) from the Santana Formation, Brazil. Polskie Pismo Entomlogiczne 74(3): 219–226.

Engel, M.S., & D.A. Grimaldi. 2004. A primitive earwig in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Dermaptera: Pygidicranidae). Journal of Paleontology 78(5): 1018–1023.

Engel, M.S., & F. Haas. 2007. Family-group names for earwigs (Dermaptera). American Museum Novitates 3567: 1–20.

Engel, M.S., J.-D. Lim, K.-S. Baek, & L.D. Martin. 2002. An earwig from the Lower Cretaceous of Korea (Dermaptera: Forficulina). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 75(2): 86–90.

Engel, M.S., J. Ortega-Blanco, & D. Azar. 2011. The earliest earwigs in amber (Dermaptera): A new genus and species from the Early Cretaceous of Lebanon. Insect Systematics and Evolution 42(2): 139–148.

Fisher, J.R. 1986. Earwig in the ear. Western Journal of Medicine 145(2): 245.

Giles, E.T. 1963. The comparative external morphology and affinities of the Dermaptera. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 115(4): 95–164.

Grimaldi, D., & M.S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press; Cambridge, UK; xv+755 pp.

Grimaldi, D.A., M.S. Engel, & P.C. Nascimbene. 2002. Fossiliferous Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Burma): Its rediscovery, biotic diversity, and paleontological significance. American Museum Novitates 3361: 1–72.

Günther, K., & K. Herter. 1974. Dermaptera (Ohrwürmer). Handbuch der Zoologie: Eine Naturgeschichte der Stämme des Tierreiches. IV Band: Arthropoda – 2 Hälfte: Insecta, Zweite Auflage, 2 Teil: Spezielles 11: 1–158.

Haas, F. 1995. The phylogeny of the Forficulina, a suborder of the Dermaptera. Systematic Entomology 20(2): 85–98.

Haas, F. 2003. Ordnung Dermaptera, Ohrwürmer. In: Dathe, H.H. (Ed.), Lehrbuch der Speziellen Zoologie. Band I: Wirbellose Tiere. 5 Teil: Insecta: 173–180. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag; Heidelberg, Germany; xii+[i]+961 pp.

Jarvis, K.J., F. Haas, & M.F. Whiting. 2004. Phylogeny of earwigs (Insecta: Dermaptera) based on molecular and morphological evidence: Reconsidering the classification of Dermaptera. Systematic Entomology 30(3): 442–453.

Klostermeyer, E.C. 1942. The life history and habits of the ring-legged earwig, Euborellia annulipes (Lucus [sic]) (order Dermaptera). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 15(1): 13–18.

Kohno, K. 1984. Peculiar life-cycle of the hump earwig. Iden 38(10): 70–75. [In Japanese].

Kohno, K. 1997. Possible influences of habitat characteristics on the evolution of semelparity and cannibalism in the hump earwig Anechura harmandi. Researches on Population Ecology 39(1): 11–16.

Lamb, R.J. 1976. Parental behavior in the Dermaptera, with special reference to Forficula auricularia (Dermaptera: Forficulidae). Canadian Entomologist 108(6): 609–619.

Logan, D.P., B.J. Maher, & P.G. Connolly. 2011. Increased numbers of earwigs (Forficula auricularia) in kiwifruit orchards are associated with fewer broad-spectrum sprays. New Zealand Plant Protection 64: 49–54.

Maher, B.J., & D.P. Logan. 2007. European earwigs, Forficula auricularia, and predation of scale insects in organic and conventionally managed kiwifruit. New Zealand Plant Protection 60: 249–253.

Meunier, J., & M. Kölliker. 2012. When it is costly to have a caring mother: Food limitation erases the benefits of parental care in earwigs. Biology Letters 8(4): 547–550.

Miller, J.S., & A.G. Zink. 2012. Parental care trade-offs and the role of filial cannibalism in the maritime earwig, Anisolabis maritima. Animal Behaviour 83(6): 1387–1394.

Mueller, T.F., L.H.M. Blommers, & P.J.M. Mols. 2011. Earwig (Forficula auricularia) predation on the woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 47(2): 145–152.

Perrichot, V., M.S. Engel, A. Nel, P. Tafforeau, & C. Soriano. 2011. New earwig nymphs (Dermaptera: Pygidicranidae) in mid-Cretaceous amber from France. Cretaceous Research 32(3): 325–330.

Rankin, S.M., S.K. Storm, D.L. Pieto, & A.L. Risser. 1996. Maternal behavior and clutch manipulation in the ring-legged earwig (Dermaptera: Carcinophoridae). Journal of Insect Behavior 9(1): 85–103.

Romeu-Dalmau, C., J. Piñol, & X. Espadaler. 2012. Friend or foe? The role of earwigs in a Mediterranean organic citrus orchard. Biological Control 63(2): 143–149.

Ross, A.J., C. Mellish, P. York, & B. Crighton. 2010. Burmese amber. In: Penney, D. (Ed.), Biodiversity of Fossils in Amber from the Major World Deposits: 208–235. Siri Scientific Press; Manchester, UK; 304 pp.

Sasamoto, T. 1978. Parental care in earwigs. Insectarium 15: 32–35. [In Japanese].

Sauphanor, B., & F. Sureau. 1993. Aggregation behaviour and interspecific relationships in Dermaptera. Oecologia 96(3): 360–364.

Shepard, M., V. Waddill, & W. Kloft. 1973. Biology of the predaceous earwig Labidura riparia (Dermaptera: Labiduridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 66(4): 837–841.

Shi, G., D.A. Grimaldi, G.E. Harlow, J. Wang, J. Wang, M. Yang, W. Lei, Q. Li, & X. Li. 2012. Age constraint on Burmese amber based on U-Pb dating of zircons. Cretaceous Research 37: 155–163.

Suckling, D.M., G.M. Burnip, J. Hackett, & J.C. Daly. 2006. Frass sampling and baiting indicate European earwig (Forficula auricularia) foraging in orchards. Journal of Applied Entomology 130(5): 263–267.

Sueldo de Escaño, M.R., & E.G. Virla. 2009. Doru lineare (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), insecto benéfico en cultivos de maíz del norte Argentino: Preferencias alimenticias y tasas de consumo. Boletín de Sanidad Vegetal 35(1): 39–47.

Suzuki, S., M. Kitamura, & K. Matsubayashi. 2005. Matriphagy in the hump earwig, Anechura harmandi (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), increases the survival rates of the offspring. Journal of Ethology 23(2): 211–213.

Taylor, J.D. 1978. The earwig: The truth about the myth. Rocky Mountain Medical Journal 75(1): 37–38.

Vancassel, M. 1984. Plasticity and adaptive radiation of dermapteran parental behavior: Results and perspectives. Advances in the Study of Behavior 14: 51–80.

Walker, K.A., T.H. Jones, & R.D. Fell. 1993. Pheromonal basis of aggregation in European earwig, Forficula auricularia L. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 19(9): 2029–2038.

Wappler, T., M.S. Engel, & F. Haas. 2005. The earwigs (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) from the middle Eocene Eckfeld maar, Germany. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 74(3): 227–250.

Downloads

Published

2014-01-29

How to Cite

Engel, M. S., & Grimaldi, D. A. (2014). New mid-Cretaceous earwigs in amber from Myanmar (Dermaptera). Novitates Paleoentomologicae, 6, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.17161/np.v0i6.4676