Rhetoric vs. Reality

Political Motivations Behind High Speed 2 (HS2) Decision-making

Abstract

This project asks whether British prime ministers Boris Johnson’s and Rishi Sunak’s decisions to cancel part of High Speed 2 (HS2) – a rail line intended to connect major cities in the United Kingdom – stem from political motivations or practical infrastructure concerns. Previous researchers have examined the importance of access to high-speed rail (HSR) networks outside of major metropolitan areas and the effects of this on regional economies. Using public choice theory as a theoretical lens, this project examines the political factors influencing the cancellation – or funding – of the major rail project. The research uses a mixed qualitative and quantitative method to assess the political rhetoric and realities surrounding HS2’s development. Specifically, the project employs a comparative analysis of government policy papers, reports, and press statements from the respective prime ministers and public opinion polling, election results, and transportation data. This project argues short-term political decisions played a greater role in the rail project’s cancellation than potential infrastructure concerns or post-pandemic travel patterns. For instance, the cancellations reflect Johnson’s commitment to maintaining political cohesion and party support and Sunak’s priority of improving his public image ahead of an election. Citing the UK’s history of regional economic disparities exacerbated by Conservative policies, the research aims to contribute to a better understanding of how party politics shape the development of large-scale infrastructure projects.