A Collaborative Approach to Designing a Unified Competency Framework for Early Childhood Educator Preparation and Workforce Equity in Nebraska

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17161/cberj.v2.23624

Keywords:

Competency-based Education, Team Science, Educator Preparation, Early Childhood

Abstract

Addressing workforce shortages among early childhood professionals is a nationwide dilemma, impacting access to quality affordable care and education for young children. Recognizing that this shortage is exacerbated by inaccessible and inequitable credentialing pathways, a statewide coalition of institutions formed the [project blinded for review] to enhance flexibility and accessibility across teacher preparation programs. Leveraging competency-based education tenets as the foundation of quality teacher preparation programs, the first aim of this project was to develop a shared competency-based framework defining common expectations for educator preparation, credentialing, and licensing across early childhood settings. This paper describes the procedures and processes utilized to collaboratively design a common competency framework to facilitate transferability of credits, credit for prior learning, and student and career advancement, with strategic emphasis on enhancing cultural sustainability and supporting diverse racial and ethnic representation among workforce professionals. Procedural stages included the identification and integration of multiple competency frameworks using qualitative methods and tools to synthesize and analyze frameworks for a final set of competencies, informed by input and feedback from professionals, institutions of higher education, community members, and field experts. Recommendations for future initiatives are included.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adams, S. K., & Wolf, K. (2008). Strengthening the preparation of early childhood teacher candidates through performance-based assessments. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 29(1), 6–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/10901020701878644

Ahmad, F. Z., & Boser, U. (2014). America’s leaky pipeline for teachers of color: Getting more teachers of color into the classroom. Center for American Progress.

Beck, J., Lunsmann, C., & Moore, D. (2022). Building community through asset mapping in an alternate route to licensure program. The Professional Educator, 45(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.47038/tpe.45.02.01

Bennett, L. M., & Gadlin, H. (2012). Collaboration and team science: From theory to practice. Journal of Investigative Medicine, 60(5), 768–775. https://doi.org/10.2310/JIM.0b013e318250871d

Bradley, F. C., Gentry, R. A., & Conway, A. (2021). The unleveled pathway to teacher education. Educational Justice Journal, 1(2), 32–46. https://media.edjusticejournal.com/resourceaccess/2023/11/10093210/EJJv1i2_Bradley.pdf

Burchinal, M. R., Peisner-Feinberg, E., Pianta, R., & Howes, C. (2002). Development of academic skills from preschool through second grade: Family and classroom predictors of developmental trajectories. Journal of School Psychology, 40(5), 415–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4405(02)00107-3

Burnette, D. M. (2016). The renewal of competency-based education: A review of the literature. The Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 64(2), 84–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/07377363.2016.1177704

Carver-Thomas, D. (2018). Diversifying the teaching profession: How to recruit and retain teachers of color. Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute. https://doi.org/10.54300/559.310

Center for the Study of Child Care Employment, Bellwether Education Partners, & National Institute for Early Education Research. (2020). Early educator preparation landscape. Early Educator Investment Collaborative. https://earlyedcollaborative.org/assets/2020/12/EEIC_Report_EarlyEducatorPreparationLandscape_2020.pdf

Cepic, R., Vorkapic, S. T., Loncaric, D., Andic, D., & Mihic, S. S. (2015). Considering transversal competences, personality and reputation in the context of the teachers’ professional development. International Education Studies, 8(2), p8. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n2p8

Charmaz, K. (2014). Grounded theory in global perspective: Reviews by international researchers. Qualitative Inquiry, 20(9), 1074–1084. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800414545235

Cochran-Smith, M., Villegas, A. M., Abrams, L., Chavez-Moreno, L., Mills, T., & Stern, R. (2015). Critiquing teacher preparation research: An overview of the field, part II. Journal of Teacher Education, 66(2), 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487114558268

Coffey, M. (2022). Still underpaid and unequal: Early childhood educators face low pay and a worsen wage gap. Center for American Progress. https://www.americanprogress.org/article/data-dashboard-an-overview-of-child-care-and-early-learning-in-the-united-states/

Competency-Based Education Network (C-BEN) Assessment Collaboratory. (2021). Hallmark practices in CBE assessment. Competency-Based Education Network.

Council for Exceptional Children and The Division for Early Childhood. (2020). Initial practice-based professional preparation standards for early interventionists/early childhood special educators (EI/ECSE)(initial birth through age 8). https://exceptionalchildren.org/standards/initial-practice-based-standards-early-interventionists-early-childhood-special-educators

Council of Chief State School Officers. (2013, April). Interstate Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium (InTASC) model core teaching standards and learning progressions for teachers 1.0: A resource for ongoing teacher development. Washington, DC: Author.

Dean, A., LeMoine, S., & Mayoral, M. (2016, 2019). ZERO to THREE Critical competencies for infant-toddler educatorsTM. Washington, DC: ZERO to THREE. https://www.zerotothree.org/resource/zero-to-three-critical-competencies-for-infant-toddler-educators/

Early Care and Education Consortium. (2022). The child care workforce shortage: Solutions from around the country. https://www.ececonsortium.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ECEC_Workforce-Report_6.2.22.pdf

Early Educator Investment Collaborative. (2023). Advancing ECE workforce compensation and equity: Key conditions for a national lead teacher certification. https://earlyedcollaborative.org/assets/2023/09/2023-Brief_Advancing-ECE-Workforce-Compensation-and-Equity-Key-Conditions-for-National-Lead-Teacher-Certification-1.pdf

Epstein, A. (2007). The intentional teacher: Choosing the best strategies for young children’s learning. National Association for the Education of Young Children.

Esteban-Guitart, M., & Moll, L. C. (2014). Funds of identity: A new concept based on the funds of knowledge approach. Culture & Psychology, 20(1), 31–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354067X13515934

Gervais, J. (2016). The operational definition of competency-based education. The Journal of Competency-Based Education, 1(2), 98–106. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbe2.1011

Goodwin, A. L. (2023). Enduring problems, rethinking process, fulfilling promises: Reflections on the continuing shortage of teachers of color. Journal of Teacher Education, 74(2), 167–170. https://doi.org/10.1177/00224871231160372

Ingersoll, R. M., & May, H. (2011). Recruitment, retention and the minority teacher shortage (Research Report No. RR-69). Consortium for Policy Research In Education (CPRE). https://www.cpre.org/sites/default/files/researchreport/1221_minorityteachershortagereportrr69septfinal.pdf

Ingersoll, R. M., & Merrill, L. (2017). A quarter century of changes in the elementary and secondary teaching force: From 1987 to 2012 (Statistical Analysis Report No. NCES 2017-092). U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics.

Irving Harris Foundation Professional Development Network Tenets Working Group. (2018). Diversity-informed tenets for work with infants, children and families. Irving Harris Foundation. https://diversityinformedtenets.org/

Jennings, S. F. (2007). Personal development plans and self-directed learning for healthcare professionals: Are they evidence based?. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 83(982), 518–524. aph. http://libproxy.unl.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=26440033&site=ehost-live

Karabon, A. (2021). Examining how early childhood preservice teacher funds of knowledge shapes pedagogical decision making. Teaching and Teacher Education, 106, 103449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103449

Kawasaki, J. (2023). Racial capitalism and student teachers of color: A mixed methods case exploring the cost of becoming a teacher. The New Educator, 19, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/1547688X.2023.2197473

Klein-Collins, R. (2013). Sharpening our focus on learning: The rise of competency-based approaches to degree completion. National Institute for Learning Outcomes Assessment. Occasional Paper, (2013)(20).

Klein-Collins, R., & Shafenberg, K. (2023). When it’s the learning that counts: Competency-based education and credit for prior learning for working learners. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 2023(179), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/ace.20501

Kraft, M. A., & Lyon, M. A. (2024). The rise and fall of the teaching profession: Prestige, interest, preparation, and satisfaction over the last half century. (EdWorkingPaper: 22-679). Retrieved from Annenberg Institute at Brown University: https://doi.org/10.26300/7B1A-VK92

Lightfoot, E., Simmelink McCleary, J., & Lum, T. Y. (2014). Asset mapping as a research tool for community-based participatory research in social work. Social Work Research, 38, 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/svu001

Mason, J., Parsons, K., & Cap, Q. N. (2020). State of the field: Findings from the 2020 national survey of postsecondary competency-based education. American Institutes for Research.

McClelland, D. C. (1973). Testing for competence rather than for “intelligence.” American Psychologist, 28(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034092

Melhorn, S. F. (2024). Understanding America’s labor shortage: The impact of scarce and costly childcare. U.S. Chamber of Commerce. https://www.uschamber.com/workforce/understanding-americas-labor-shortage-the-scarce-and-costly-childcare-issue

National Association for the Education of Young Children. (2019). Professional standards and competencies for early childhood educators. http://naeyc.org

National Center for Education Statistics. (2016). Table 326.10: Graduation rate from first institution attended for first-time, full-time bachelor’s degree-seeking students at 4-year postsecondary institutions, by race/ethnicity, time to completion, sex, control of institution, and percentage of applications accepted: Selected cohort entry years, 1996 through 2016. U.S Department of Education. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d23/tables/dt23_326.10.asp

National Professional Development Center on Inclusion. (2011, August). Competencies for early childhood educators in the context of inclusion: Issues and guidance for states. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina, FPG Child Development Institute, Author.

National Research Council. (2015). Transforming the workforce for children birth through age 8: A unifying foundation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/19401.

Nodine, T. R. (2016). How did we get here? A brief history of competency‐based higher education in the United States. The Journal of Competency-Based Education, 1(1), 5–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbe2.1004

Oroszi, T. (2020). Competency-based education. Creative Education, 11(11), 2467–2476. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2020.1111181

Parsons, K., Mason, J., & Soldner, M. (2016). On the path to success: Early evidence about the efficacy of postsecondary competency-based education programs. American Institutes for Research.

Pianta, R., Howes, C., Burchinal, M., Bryant, D., Clifford, R., Early, D., & Barbarin, O. (2005). Features of pre-kindergarten programs, classrooms, and teachers: Do they predict observed classroom quality and child-teacher interactions? Applied Developmental Science, 9(3), 144–159. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532480xads0903_2

Power to the Profession National Task Force. (2020). Unifying framework for the early childhood education profession. https://powertotheprofession.org

Redding, C. (2019). A teacher like me: A review of the effect of student–teacher racial/ethnic matching on teacher perceptions of students and student academic and behavioral outcomes. Review of Educational Research, 89(4), 499–535. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654319853545

Rittel, H. W. J., & Webber, M. M. (1973). Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sciences, 4(2), 155–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405730

Santos, J. L., & Haycock, K. (2016). Fixing America’s college attainment problems: It’s about more than affordability. The Education Trust.

Schilling, J. F., & Koetting, J. R. (2010). Underpinnings of competency-based education. Athletic Training Education Journal, 5(4), 165–169. https://doi.org/10.4085/1947-380X-5.4.165

Schneider, A., & Gibbs, H. (2023). Data dashboard: An overview of child care and early learning in the united states. Center for American Progresss. https://www.americanprogress.org/article/data-dashboard-an-overview-of-child-care-and-early-learning-in-the-united-states/

Soare, E. (2015). Perspectives on designing the competence based curriculum. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180, 972–977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.259

Stayton, V. D., Smith, B. J., Dietrich, S. L., & Bruder, M. B. (2012). Comparison of state certification and professional association personnel standards in early childhood special education. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 32(1), 24–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271121411436086

Stewart, I. S., Denson, R. A., & Stone, N. K. (1976). Competency-based early childhood teacher education: Beginning at the beginning. Young Children, 31(3), 188–194. https://www.jstor.org.libproxy.unl.edu/stable/42658002

The Multiplying Connections Initiative. (2008). Trauma informed and developmentally sensitive services for children: Core competencies for effective practice. Health Federation of Philadelphia. https://www.multiplyingconnections.org/become-trauma-informed/core-competencies

Today’s Students Coalition. (2024, December). Today’s students. Retrieved December 23, 2024, from https://todaysstudents.org/todays-students/

U.S. Department of Education. (2014). Direct assessment (competency-based) programs–questions and answers. https://www.ed.gov/laws-and-policy/higher-education-laws-and-policy/higher-education-policy/direct-assessment-competency-based-programs

Vallotton, C., Peterson, C., Cohen, R. C., Cook, G., Herb, H. B., & Ispa, J. (2019). Comprehensive competencies for infant/toddler educators. In M. A. Peters (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Teacher Education (pp. 1–8). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1179-6_69-1

VERBI Software. (2021). MAXQDA 2022 [Computer software]. Berlin, Germany: VERBI Software. https://www.maxqda.com/

Zinsser, K. M., Main, C., Torres, L., & Connor, K. (2019). Patching the pathway and widening the pipeline: Models for developing a diverse early childhood workforce in Chicago. American Journal of Community Psychology, 63(3–4), 459–471. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12310

Downloads

Published

2025-09-10

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Johnson, V. ., Kazemi, S. ., Torquati, J., Hong, S.-Y., Yunes-Koch, A., Mollenkopf, D., & Miller, J. (2025). A Collaborative Approach to Designing a Unified Competency Framework for Early Childhood Educator Preparation and Workforce Equity in Nebraska. Competency-Based Education Research Journal, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.17161/cberj.v2.23624