A Natural History of Repetition
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17161/jomr.v5i2.7407Ключевые слова:
Montessori, repetition, pre-school aged childrenАннотация
The purpose of this study was to understand typically developing children’s repetitive behavior in a free-play, daycare setting. By studying repetition in a non-Montessori setting, we tested the assumption that repetition is a characteristic behavior of all young children and not limited to the Montessori environment. Although Maria Montessori identified repetition during her observations, there is little empirical evidence to support her claim: most research has considered repetition in terms of psychopathology. We collected naturalistic observational data on 31 3- to 6-year-old children for a total of 101 hours to investigate the frequency, contexts, and structure of repetitive bouts. Multilevel model results suggest the ubiquity of repetition, as all children in the study engaged in motor repetition. Furthermore, repetition occurred throughout all free-play activities (construction, animation, fantasy play, rough-and-tumble play, and undirected activity), although repetition was not equally distributed across activities. Motor repetition was not equal across ages either; younger children engaged in more motor repetition than did older children. To understand the structure of repetition, our study also looked at the length of repetition bouts, which ranged from 2 to 19 repetitions and averaged 2.86 repetitions per bout. This natural history of repetition is an influential starting point for understanding the role of repetition in development and is informative to both Montessori and non-Montessori early childhood educators.
Библиографические ссылки
Barbado Murillo, D., Caballero Sánchez, C., Moreside, J., Vera-García, F. J., & Moreno, F. J. (2017). Can the structure of motor variability predict learning rate? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 43(3), 596–607. http://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000303
Bartoń, K. (2016). MuMIn: Multi-level model inference (R package version 1.15.6) [Computer software]. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MuMIn
Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1–48. doi:10.18637/jss.v067.i01
Bodfish, J. W., Symons, F. J., Parker, D. E., & Lewis, M. H. (2000). Varieties of repetitive behavior autism: Comparisons to mental retardation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 237–243. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005596502855
Bond, T., & Tryphon, A. (2009). Piaget and method. In U. Muller, J. I. M. Carpendale, & L. Smith (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to Piaget (pp. 171–199). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Coll, C. G. (Ed.). (n.d.). Child Development methodological recommendations. Retrieved from Child Development website: https://www.srcd.org/sites/default/files/file-attachments/cd_methodological_recommendations.pdf
Eilam, D. (2015). The cognitive roles of behavioral variability: Idiosyncratic acts as the foundation of identity and as transitional, preparatory, and confirmatory phases. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 49, 55–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.11.023
Evans, D. W., Leckman, J. F., Carter, A., Reznick, S., Henshaw, D., King, R. A., & Pauls, D. (1997). Ritual, habit, and perfectionism: The prevalence and development of compulsive-like behavior in normal young children. Child Development, 68, 58–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01925.x
Gerbier, E., & Toppino, T. C. (2015). The effect of distributed practice: Neuroscience, cognition, and education. Trends in Neuroscience and Education, 4(3), 49–59. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tine.2015.01.001
Harrison, X. A. (2014). Using observation-level random effects to model overdispersion in count data in ecology and evolution. PeerJ. doi:10.7717/peerj.616
Hartig, F. (2017). DHARMa: Residual diagnostics for hierarchical (multi-level/mixed) regression models (R package version 0.1.5) [Computer software]. Retrieved from https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=DHARMa
Honey, E., Leekam, S., Turner, M., & McConachie, H. (2007). Repetitive behavior and play in typically developing children and children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1107–1115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0253-4
Lee, T. D., & Genovese, E. D. (1988). Distribution of practice in motor skill acquisition: Learning and performance effects reconsidered. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 59(4), 277–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1988.10609373
Montessori Children’s House Academy. (2019). Maria Montessori. Retrieved from http://www.montessoriway.ca/montessori.
Montessori Alberta. (n.d.). The Montessori Method. Retrieved from https://www.montessorialberta.com/
Montessori & Me Private Schools of Edmonton. (n.d.). The Montessori Method. Retrieved from http://www.montessoriandme.com/M%26M/Montessori_Method.html
Montessori, M. (1966). The secret of childhood. New York, NY: Ballantine Books.
Montessori, M. (1995). The absorbent mind. New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company. (Original work published 1967)
Montessori, M. (2007a). The advanced Montessori Method (Vol. 1). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Montessori-Pierson. (Original work published 1918)
Montessori, M. (2007b). The discovery of the child. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Montessori-Pierson (Original work published 1948)
Montessori, M. (2007c). Education and peace. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Montessori-Pierson. (Original work published 1972)
Montessori, M. M. (1956). The human tendencies and Montessori education. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Association Montessori Internationale.
Montessori School of Calgary. (n.d.). Montessori philosophy. Retrieved from http://www.montessorischoolofcalgary.com
Mooney, E. L., Gray, K. M., & Tonge, B. J. (2006). Early features of autism. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 15, 12–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-006-0499-6
Mosaic Montessori Academy. (n.d.). What is the Montessori Method and why is it ideal for your child. Retrieved from https://mosaicmontessori.ca/montessori/montessori-method/
Nakagawa, S., Johnson, P. C. D., & Schielzeth, H. (2017). The coefficient of determination R2 and intra-class correlation coefficient from generalized linear mixed-effects models revisited and expanded. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 14(134), 20170213–11. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0213
One World Montessori School. (n.d.). Education. Retrieved from http://montessoriedmonton.com/education/
Piaget, J. (1952). The origins of intelligence in children. New York: International Universities Press.
R Core Team. (2017). R: A language and environment for statistical computing [Computer software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Retrieved from https://www.R-project.org/
Radomsky, A. S., Dugas, M. J., Alcolado, G. M., & Lavoie, S. L. (2014). When more is less: Doubt, repetition, memory, metamemory, and compulsive checking in OCD. Behavior Research and Therapy, 59, 30–39. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.05.008
Rising Scholars Montessori. (n.d.). An overview of the Montessori Method. Retrieved from http://risingscholars.ca/about/montessori-method-overview/
Santer, J., Griffiths, C., & Goodall, D. (2007). Free play in early childhood: A literature review. London, England: National Children’s Bureau. Retrieved from http://www.playengland.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/free-play-in-early-childhood.pdf
Schutte, G. M., Duhon, G. J., Solomon, B. G., Poncy, B. C., Moore, K., & Story, B. (2015). A comparative analysis of massed vs. distributed practice on basic math fact fluency growth rates. Journal of School Psychology, 53(2), 149–159. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2014.12.003
Smith, P., & Connolly, K. (1980). The ecology of preschool behavior. Cambridge, England: Oxford University Press.
Standing, E. M. (1998). Maria Montessori: Her life and work. New York, NY: Penguin Group. (Original work published 1957)
Sunflowers Bilingual Montessori Centre. (n.d.). The history of the Montessori Method. Retrieved from https://www.sunflowersmontessori.ca/what-is-montessori
Thelen, E. (1979). Rhythmical stereotypies in normal human infants. Animal Behavior, 27, 699–715. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(79)90006-X
Thelen, E. (1980). Determinants of amounts of stereotyped behavior in normal human infants. Ethology and Sociobiology, 1, 141–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(80)90004-7
Thelen, E. (1981). Rocking, kicking and waving: Contextual analysis of rhythmical stereotypies in normal human infants. Animal Behavior, 29, 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(81)80146-7
Turner, M. (1999). Annotation: Repetitive behavior in autism: A review of psychological research. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 40, 839–849. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00502
Ypma, J. (2014). Introduction to nloptr: An R interface to NLopt (Technical report). Retrieved from https://mran.revolutionanalytics.com/snapshot/2014-09-12/web/packages/nloptr/nloptr.pdf
Загрузки
Опубликован
Выпуск
Раздел
Лицензия
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors can view article download statistics for published articles within their accounts.
Journal of Montessori Research
Author Agreement
The following is an agreement between the Author (the “Corresponding Author”) acting on behalf of all authors of the work (“Authors”) and the Journal of Montessori Research (the “Journal”) regarding your article (the “Work”) that is being submitted for consideration.
Whereas the parties desire to promote effective scholarly communication that promotes local control of intellectual assets, the parties for valuable consideration agree as follows.
A. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR’S GRANT OF RIGHTS
After being accepted for publication, the Corresponding Author grants to the Journal, during the full term of copyright and any extensions or renewals of that term, the following:
1. An irrevocable non-exclusive right to reproduce, republish, transmit, sell, distribute, and otherwise use the Work in electronic and print editions of the Journal and in derivative works throughout the world, in all languages, and in all media now known or later developed.
2. An irrevocable non-exclusive right to create and store electronic archival copies of theWork, including the right to deposit the Work in open access digital repositories.
3. An irrevocable non-exclusive right to license others to reproduce, republish, transmit,and distribute the Work under the condition that the Authors are attributed. (Currently this is carried out by publishing the content under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 license (CC BY-NC.)
4. Copyright in the Work remains with the Authors.
B. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR’S DUTIES
1. When distributing or re-publishing the Work, the Corresponding Author agrees to credit the Journal as the place of first publication.
2. The Corresponding Author agrees to inform the Journal of any changes in contact information.
C. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR’S WARRANTY
The Corresponding Author represents and warrants that the Work is the Authors’ original work and that it does not violate or infringe the law or the rights of any third party and, specifically, that the Work contains no matter that is defamatory or that infringes literary or proprietary rights, intellectual property rights, or any rights of privacy. The Corresponding Author also warrants that he or she has the full power to make this agreement, and if the Work was prepared jointly, the Corresponding Author agrees to inform the Authors of the terms of this Agreement and to obtain their written permission to sign on their behalf. The Corresponding Author agrees to hold the Journal harmless from any breach of the aforestated representations.
D. JOURNAL’S DUTIES
In consideration of the Author’s grant of rights, the Journal agrees to publish the Work, attributing the Work to the Authors.
E. ENTIRE AGREEMENT
This agreement reflects the entire understanding of the parties. This agreement may be amended only in writing by an addendum signed by the parties. Amendments are incorporated by reference to this agreement.
ACCEPTED AND AGREED BY THE CORRESPONDING AUTHOR ON BEHALF OF ALL AUTHORS CONTRIBUTING TO THIS WORK