Educational Pacifism and Montessori
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.17161/jomr.v10i1.21012Mots-clés :
schooling, harm, Montessori, pacifism, nonviolenceRésumé
Educational theory and practice is dominated by mass formal schooling systems, which routinely and unjustly harm many students. I call this stance “educational pacifism,” and in this paper argue that Montessorians ought to be educational pacifists. That is, they ought to recognize, understand, and reject systemic educational harm and ensure that it does not occur in their own practice, so that Montessori students are not harmed during their education and so that Montessori education might provide a nonharmful educational alternative to mass formal schooling. I suggest that Maria Montessori was, broadly speaking, herself an educational pacifist, and that not only is educational pacifism the morally right position for a Montessorian, but also that it is naturally a Montessorian position.
Références
Alexander, R. (2000). Culture and pedagogy: International comparisons in primary education. Blackwell.
Anderson-Levitt, K. M. (2003). A world culture of schooling? In K. M. Anderson-Levitt (Ed.), Local meanings, global schooling: Anthropology and world culture theory (pp. 1–26). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403980359_1
Bajaj, M. (Ed.). (2008). Encyclopedia of peace education. Information Age Publishing.
Bourdieu, P. (2012). The school as a conservative force: Scholastic and cultural inequalities. In J. Eggleston (Ed.), Contemporary research in the sociology of education (pp. 32–46). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203128374
Bowles, S., & Gintis, H. (2002). Schooling in capitalist America revisited. Sociology of Education, 75(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.2307/3090251
Brennan, S., & Noggle, R. (1997). The moral status of children: Children’s rights, parents’ rights, and family justice. Social Theory and Practice, 23, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.5840/soctheorpract19972311
Chenoweth, E. (2021). Civil resistance: What everyone needs to know. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190244392.001.0001
Debs, M. C. (2016). Racial and economic diversity in U.S. public Montessori schools. Journal of Montessori Research, 2(2), 15–34. https://doi.org/10.17161/jomr.v2i2.5848
Duckworth, C. (2006). Teaching peace: A dialogue on the Montessori method. Journal of Peace Education, 3(1), 39–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/17400200500532128
Ezer, T. (2004). A positive right to protection for children. Yale Human Rights & Development Law Journal, 7, 1–50. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13051/5836
Feinberg, J. (1985). Wrongful conception and the right not to be harmed. Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, 8(1), 57–78.
Foucault, M. (1979). Discipline and punishment: The birth of prison. Vintage Books.
Freire, P. (1972). Education: Domestication or liberation? Prospects, 2(2), 173–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02195789
Freire, P. (1985). The politics of education: Culture, power, and liberation. Bloomsbury.
Frierson, P. (2021). The moral philosophy of Maria Montessori. Journal of the American Philosophical Association, 7(2), 133–154. https://doi.org/10.1017/apa.2019.41
Frierson, P. (2022). The moral philosophy of Maria Montessori: Agency and ethical life. Bloomsbury Academic. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350176409
Gatto, J. (2005). Dumbing us down: The hidden curriculum of compulsory schooling. New Society Publishers.
Gutek, G. L. (2004). Introduction: A biography of Montessori and an analysis of the Montessori method. In M. Montessori, The Montessori Method: The origins of an educational innovation (pp. 1–66). Rowman & Littlefield.
Harber, C. (2004). Schooling as violence: How schools harm pupils and societies. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203488423
Harris, I., & Morrison, M. L. (Eds.). (2013). Peace education. McFarland.
Harris, I., & Synott, J. (2002). Peace education for a new century. Social Alternatives, 21(1), 3–6.
Holmes, R. L. (1989). On war and morality. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400860142
Holmes, R. L. (2017). Pacifism: A philosophy of nonviolence. Bloomsbury. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781474279857
Hughes, C. (2020). Addressing violence in education: From policy to practice. Prospects, 48, 23–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-019-09445-1
Kahn, D. (2013). Converging passages: Social reform, peace, and Montessori education for life. AMI Journal, 2013(1-2), 5–16.
Kant, I. (1996). Practical philosophy (M. J. Gregor, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
Klees, S. (2020). Beyond neoliberalism: Reflections on capitalism and education. Policy Futures in Education, 18(1), 9–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/1478210317715814
Kramer, R. (2017). Maria Montessori: A biography. Diversion Books.
Lillard, A. S. (2017). Montessori: The science behind the genius. Oxford University Press.
Lillard, A. S. (2019). Shunned and admired: Montessori, self-determination, and a case for radical school reform. Educational Psychology Review, 31, 939–965. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09483-3
Locke, J. (2004). An essay concerning humane understanding, Volume I, Books I and II. Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/10615 (Original work published 1690)
May, L. (2015). Contingent pacifism: Revisiting just war theory. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781316344422
McMahan, J. (1994). Innocence, self-defense and killing in war. The Journal of Political Philosophy, 2(3), 193–221. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9760.1994.tb00021.x
Montessori, M. (2002). Education and peace. Clio Press.
Montessori, M. (2004). The Montessori Method: The origins of an educational innovation. Rowman & Littlefield.
Montessori, M. (2007a). The advanced Montessori Method, Volume I. Montessori-Pierson.
Montessori, M. (2007b). The formation of man. Montessori-Pierson.
Montessori, M. (2013). Peace lecture I, the first of four special lectures. AMI Journal, 2013(1-2), 32–36.
Moretti, E. (2013). Teaching peace in a time of war: Maria Montessori’s 1917 lectures. AMI Journal, 2013(1-2), 17–31.
Moretti, E. (2021). The best weapon for peace: Maria Montessori, education, and children’s rights. University of Wisconsin Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1qwwhx5
Noddings, N. (2012). Peace education: How we come to love and hate war. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511894725
Page, J. (2008). Peace education: Exploring ethical and philosophical foundations. Information Age Publishing.
Parkin, N. (2019). Moral tragedy pacifism. Journal of Moral Philosophy, 16(3), 259-278. https://doi.org/doi:10.1163/17455243-20182479
Parkin, N. (2023). Pacifism and Educational Violence. Journal of Peace Education, 20(1), 75–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/17400201.2023.2169263
Parkin, N. (in press). A moral analysis of educational harm and student resistance. Journal of Philosophy of Education.
Ramirez, F. O., & Boli, J. (1987). The political construction of mass schooling: European origins and worldwide institutionalization. Sociology of Education, 60(1), 2–17. https://doi.org/10.2307/2112615
Robinson, W. (2016). Global capitalism and the restructuring of education: The transnational capitalist class’ quest to suppress critical thinking. Social Justice, 43(3), 1–24.
Robson, D., & Franco, A. (2023, January 31). Montessori: The world’s most influential school? BBC Future. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20230131-does-the-montessori-method-actually-work
Salomon, G., & Cairns, E. (Eds.). (2011). Handbook on peace education. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203837993
Thayer-Bacon, B. (2011). Maria Montessori: Education for peace. Factis Pax, 5(3), 307–319.
Toffler, A. (2022). Future shock. Penguin.
Turner, P. N. (2014). Harm and Mill’s harm principle. Ethics, 124(2), 299–326. https://doi.org/10.1086/673436
Westberg, J., Boser, L., & Brühwiler, I. (2019). School acts and the rise of mass schooling: Education policy in the long nineteenth century. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13570-6
Winter, J. (2022, March 3). The miseducation of Maria Montessori. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/books/under-review/the-miseducation-of-maria-montessori
Téléchargements
Publiée
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
(c) Copyright Nicholas Parkin 2024
Ce travail est disponible sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International.
