Educational Pacifism and Montessori

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17161/jomr.v10i1.21012

Palavras-chave:

schooling, harm, Montessori, pacifism, nonviolence

Resumo

Educational theory and practice is dominated by mass formal schooling systems, which routinely and unjustly harm many students. I call this stance “educational pacifism,” and in this paper argue that Montessorians ought to be educational pacifists. That is, they ought to recognize, understand, and reject systemic educational harm and ensure that it does not occur in their own practice, so that Montessori students are not harmed during their education and so that Montessori education might provide a nonharmful educational alternative to mass formal schooling. I suggest that Maria Montessori was, broadly speaking, herself an educational pacifist, and that not only is educational pacifism the morally right position for a Montessorian, but also that it is naturally a Montessorian position.

Referências

Alexander, R. (2000). Culture and pedagogy: International comparisons in primary education. Blackwell.

Anderson-Levitt, K. M. (2003). A world culture of schooling? In K. M. Anderson-Levitt (Ed.), Local meanings, global schooling: Anthropology and world culture theory (pp. 1–26). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403980359_1

Bajaj, M. (Ed.). (2008). Encyclopedia of peace education. Information Age Publishing.

Bourdieu, P. (2012). The school as a conservative force: Scholastic and cultural inequalities. In J. Eggleston (Ed.), Contemporary research in the sociology of education (pp. 32–46). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203128374

Bowles, S., & Gintis, H. (2002). Schooling in capitalist America revisited. Sociology of Education, 75(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.2307/3090251

Brennan, S., & Noggle, R. (1997). The moral status of children: Children’s rights, parents’ rights, and family justice. Social Theory and Practice, 23, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.5840/soctheorpract19972311

Chenoweth, E. (2021). Civil resistance: What everyone needs to know. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190244392.001.0001

Debs, M. C. (2016). Racial and economic diversity in U.S. public Montessori schools. Journal of Montessori Research, 2(2), 15–34. https://doi.org/10.17161/jomr.v2i2.5848

Duckworth, C. (2006). Teaching peace: A dialogue on the Montessori method. Journal of Peace Education, 3(1), 39–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/17400200500532128

Ezer, T. (2004). A positive right to protection for children. Yale Human Rights & Development Law Journal, 7, 1–50. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13051/5836

Feinberg, J. (1985). Wrongful conception and the right not to be harmed. Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, 8(1), 57–78.

Foucault, M. (1979). Discipline and punishment: The birth of prison. Vintage Books.

Freire, P. (1972). Education: Domestication or liberation? Prospects, 2(2), 173–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02195789

Freire, P. (1985). The politics of education: Culture, power, and liberation. Bloomsbury.

Frierson, P. (2021). The moral philosophy of Maria Montessori. Journal of the American Philosophical Association, 7(2), 133–154. https://doi.org/10.1017/apa.2019.41

Frierson, P. (2022). The moral philosophy of Maria Montessori: Agency and ethical life. Bloomsbury Academic. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350176409

Gatto, J. (2005). Dumbing us down: The hidden curriculum of compulsory schooling. New Society Publishers.

Gutek, G. L. (2004). Introduction: A biography of Montessori and an analysis of the Montessori method. In M. Montessori, The Montessori Method: The origins of an educational innovation (pp. 1–66). Rowman & Littlefield.

Harber, C. (2004). Schooling as violence: How schools harm pupils and societies. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203488423

Harris, I., & Morrison, M. L. (Eds.). (2013). Peace education. McFarland.

Harris, I., & Synott, J. (2002). Peace education for a new century. Social Alternatives, 21(1), 3–6.

Holmes, R. L. (1989). On war and morality. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400860142

Holmes, R. L. (2017). Pacifism: A philosophy of nonviolence. Bloomsbury. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781474279857

Hughes, C. (2020). Addressing violence in education: From policy to practice. Prospects, 48, 23–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-019-09445-1

Kahn, D. (2013). Converging passages: Social reform, peace, and Montessori education for life. AMI Journal, 2013(1-2), 5–16.

Kant, I. (1996). Practical philosophy (M. J. Gregor, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.

Klees, S. (2020). Beyond neoliberalism: Reflections on capitalism and education. Policy Futures in Education, 18(1), 9–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/1478210317715814

Kramer, R. (2017). Maria Montessori: A biography. Diversion Books.

Lillard, A. S. (2017). Montessori: The science behind the genius. Oxford University Press.

Lillard, A. S. (2019). Shunned and admired: Montessori, self-determination, and a case for radical school reform. Educational Psychology Review, 31, 939–965. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09483-3

Locke, J. (2004). An essay concerning humane understanding, Volume I, Books I and II. Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/10615 (Original work published 1690)

May, L. (2015). Contingent pacifism: Revisiting just war theory. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781316344422

McMahan, J. (1994). Innocence, self-defense and killing in war. The Journal of Political Philosophy, 2(3), 193–221. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9760.1994.tb00021.x

Montessori, M. (2002). Education and peace. Clio Press.

Montessori, M. (2004). The Montessori Method: The origins of an educational innovation. Rowman & Littlefield.

Montessori, M. (2007a). The advanced Montessori Method, Volume I. Montessori-Pierson.

Montessori, M. (2007b). The formation of man. Montessori-Pierson.

Montessori, M. (2013). Peace lecture I, the first of four special lectures. AMI Journal, 2013(1-2), 32–36.

Moretti, E. (2013). Teaching peace in a time of war: Maria Montessori’s 1917 lectures. AMI Journal, 2013(1-2), 17–31.

Moretti, E. (2021). The best weapon for peace: Maria Montessori, education, and children’s rights. University of Wisconsin Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1qwwhx5

Noddings, N. (2012). Peace education: How we come to love and hate war. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511894725

Page, J. (2008). Peace education: Exploring ethical and philosophical foundations. Information Age Publishing.

Parkin, N. (2019). Moral tragedy pacifism. Journal of Moral Philosophy, 16(3), 259-278. https://doi.org/doi:10.1163/17455243-20182479

Parkin, N. (2023). Pacifism and Educational Violence. Journal of Peace Education, 20(1), 75–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/17400201.2023.2169263

Parkin, N. (in press). A moral analysis of educational harm and student resistance. Journal of Philosophy of Education.

Ramirez, F. O., & Boli, J. (1987). The political construction of mass schooling: European origins and worldwide institutionalization. Sociology of Education, 60(1), 2–17. https://doi.org/10.2307/2112615

Robinson, W. (2016). Global capitalism and the restructuring of education: The transnational capitalist class’ quest to suppress critical thinking. Social Justice, 43(3), 1–24.

Robson, D., & Franco, A. (2023, January 31). Montessori: The world’s most influential school? BBC Future. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20230131-does-the-montessori-method-actually-work

Salomon, G., & Cairns, E. (Eds.). (2011). Handbook on peace education. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203837993

Thayer-Bacon, B. (2011). Maria Montessori: Education for peace. Factis Pax, 5(3), 307–319.

Toffler, A. (2022). Future shock. Penguin.

Turner, P. N. (2014). Harm and Mill’s harm principle. Ethics, 124(2), 299–326. https://doi.org/10.1086/673436

Westberg, J., Boser, L., & Brühwiler, I. (2019). School acts and the rise of mass schooling: Education policy in the long nineteenth century. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13570-6

Winter, J. (2022, March 3). The miseducation of Maria Montessori. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/books/under-review/the-miseducation-of-maria-montessori

Downloads

Publicado

2024-05-15

Edição

Seção

Articles

Como Citar

Parkin, N. (2024). Educational Pacifism and Montessori. Journal of Montessori Research, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.17161/jomr.v10i1.21012