In-Season vs. Out-of-Season Academic Performance of College Student-Athletes

Authors

  • Brianna M. Scott National Collegiate Athletic Association
  • Thomas S. Paskus National Collegiate Athletic Association
  • Michael Miranda State University of New York—Plattsburgh
  • Todd A. Petr National Collegiate Athletic Association
  • John J. McArdle University of Southern California

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1123/jis.1.2.202

Abstract

There is a commonly held belief within the intercollegiate athletics community that student-athletes perform better academically during their season of athletics competition than they do outside the season of competition. The thought is that the structured nature of the playing season leads to more structure in student-athletes’ academic lives and better academic performance. However, it is difficult to find empirical studies supporting this belief. A series of three studies was conducted to assess whether there is a difference in the grade-point average and credits earned of student-athletes in their season of competition vs. their off-season. These three studies are distinguished by NCAA membership division (Division I, Division II or Division III) and the specific nature of the data available in each of those divisions. The Division III study served as a pilot and examined over 3,000 student-athlete records at eight schools. The Division II study included nearly 12,000 student-athletes at 92 schools, and the Division I study involved analysis of a census of Division I student-athletes at over 325 colleges and universities followed term-by-term for up to four years. The separate divisional studies came to similar conclusions. Generally, the academic performance of student-athletes was shown to be better outside the season of competition than during the season—contrary to the conventional wisdom. The negative in-season effects were stronger in sports known to have high in-season time demands (e.g., Division I football, baseball and softball) and among student-athletes who entered college less well prepared academically.

Metrics

File downloads
10,502
Jan 2009Jul 2009Jan 2010Jul 2010Jan 2011Jul 2011Jan 2012Jul 2012Jan 2013Jul 2013Jan 2014Jul 2014Jan 2015Jul 2015Jan 2016Jul 2016Jan 2017Jul 2017Jan 2018Jul 2018Jan 2019Jul 2019Jan 2020Jul 2020Jan 2021Jul 2021Jan 2022Jul 2022Jan 2023Jul 2023Jan 2024Jul 2024Jan 2025Jul 2025Jan 202695
|
Twitter
2

Downloads

Author Biographies

  • Brianna M. Scott, National Collegiate Athletic Association
    Scott, Paskus, and Petr are with NCAA Research, PO Box 6222, Indianapolis, IN, 46206; Miranda is with the State University of New York—Plattsburgh, Library, 2 Draper Ave., Plattsburgh, NY, 12901; McArdle is with the University of Southern California, Psychology, SGM 711, 3620 South McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90089-1061.
  • Thomas S. Paskus, National Collegiate Athletic Association
    Scott, Paskus, and Petr are with NCAA Research, PO Box 6222, Indianapolis, IN, 46206; Miranda is with the State University of New York—Plattsburgh, Library, 2 Draper Ave., Plattsburgh, NY, 12901; McArdle is with the University of Southern California, Psychology, SGM 711, 3620 South McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90089-1061.
  • Michael Miranda, State University of New York—Plattsburgh
    Scott, Paskus, and Petr are with NCAA Research, PO Box 6222, Indianapolis, IN, 46206; Miranda is with the State University of New York—Plattsburgh, Library, 2 Draper Ave., Plattsburgh, NY, 12901; McArdle is with the University of Southern California, Psychology, SGM 711, 3620 South McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90089-1061.
  • Todd A. Petr, National Collegiate Athletic Association
    Scott, Paskus, and Petr are with NCAA Research, PO Box 6222, Indianapolis, IN, 46206; Miranda is with the State University of New York—Plattsburgh, Library, 2 Draper Ave., Plattsburgh, NY, 12901; McArdle is with the University of Southern California, Psychology, SGM 711, 3620 South McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90089-1061.
  • John J. McArdle, University of Southern California
    Scott, Paskus, and Petr are with NCAA Research, PO Box 6222, Indianapolis, IN, 46206; Miranda is with the State University of New York—Plattsburgh, Library, 2 Draper Ave., Plattsburgh, NY, 12901; McArdle is with the University of Southern California, Psychology, SGM 711, 3620 South McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90089-1061.

Downloads

Published

2008-12-01

How to Cite

Scott, B. M., Paskus, T. S., Miranda, M., Petr, T. A., & McArdle, J. J. (2008). In-Season vs. Out-of-Season Academic Performance of College Student-Athletes. Journal of Intercollegiate Sport, 1(2), 202-226. https://doi.org/10.1123/jis.1.2.202