Investigating Multiplicity: Institutional Logics and Division II Commuter Student Athletes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17161/jis.v13i1.12048Keywords:
Institutional logics, logic multiplicity, Commuter students, compatibility, centralityAbstract
The primary purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of commuter student athletes who were hypothesized to experience a multiplicity of institutional logics while competing at the NCAA Division II level. Second, if multiple competing logics were present, the authors intended to test a theoretical model of logic multiplicity development. Utilizing a case study methodology, the authors collected data from commuter student athletes competing at the Division II level. The study’s findings indicated that commuter student athletes perceived the presence of multiple competing logics and that these logics indicated an aligned or minimally estranged organization. In particular, the high compatibility and high centrality of multiple competing logics signified an organization aligned between academic, athletic, and family values, whereas the low centrality and low compatibility of social identification and societal factors denoted an estranged organization for commuter student athletes. The implications of this research within sport management are presented herein.
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References
Alford, R. R., & Friedland, R. (1985). Powers of theory: Capitalism, the State, and Democracy. Cambridge University Press.
Alvesson, M. (2002). Postmodernism and social research. Buckingham: Open University Press.
ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report. (2004). Student departure in commuter colleges
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Battilana, J., & Dorado, S. (2010). Building sustainable hybrid organizations: The case of commercial microfinance organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 53(6), 1419-1440.
Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1967). The Social Construction of Reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
Bernard, H. R. (2002). Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Walnut Creek, CA: 3rd Alta Mira Press.
Besharov, M. L., & Smith, W. K. (2014). Multiple institutional logics in organizations: Explaining their varied nature and implications. Academy of Management Review, 39(3), 364-381.
Binder, A. (2007). For love and money: Organizations’ creative responses to multiple environmental logics. Theory and Society, 36(6), 547-571.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
Brickson, S. (2000). The impact of identity orientation on individual and organizational outcomes in demographically diverse settings. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 82-101.
Carlsson-Wall, M., Kraus, K., & Messner, M. (2016). Performance measurement systems and the enactment of different institutional logics: insights from a football organization. Management Accounting Research, 32, 45-61.
Chelladurai, P. (1987). Multidimensionality and multiple perspectives of organizational effectiveness. Journal of Sport Management, 1(1), 37-47.
Cousens, L., & Slack, T. (2005). Field-level change: The case of North American major league professional sport. Journal of Sport Management, 19(1), 13-42.
Creswell, J.W., & Plano Clark, V.L. (2011). Designing and Conducting Mixed Method Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Crotty, M. (1998). The foundations of social research: Meaning and perspective in the research process. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48, 147-160.
Frey, J. H. (1994). Deviance of organizational subunits: The case of college athletic departments. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 18(2), 110-122.
Friedland, R., & Alford, R. R. (1991). Bringing society back in: Symbols, practices, and institutional contradictions. In W. W. Powell, P. J. DiMaggio (Eds). The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Gammelsæter, H. (2010). Institutional pluralism and governance in “commercialized” sport clubs. European Sport Management Quarterly, 10(5), 569-594.
Gammelsæter, H., & Solenes, O. (2013). Money in–brains out? Institutional logics affecting athletes’ preparation for alternative careers. European Journal for Sport and Society, 10(3), 267-289.
Gilmore, S. (2013). Culture change in a professional sports team: Shaping environmental contexts and regulating power: A commentary. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 8(2), 305-307.
Glynn, M. A., & Lounsbury, M. (2005). From the critics’ corner: Logic blending, discursive change and authenticity in a cultural production system. Journal of Management Studies, 42(5), 1031-1055.
Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 91(3), 481-510.
Greenwood, R., Raynard, M., Kodeih, F., Micelotta, E. R., & Lounsbury, M. (2011). Institutional complexity and organizational responses. Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 317-371.
Herremans, I. M., Herschovis, M. S., & Bertels, S. (2009). Leaders and laggards: The influence of competing logics on corporate environmental action. Journal of Business Ethics, 89(3), 449-472.
Hodge, K., & Sharp, L.A. (2017). Case Studies. In B. Smith & Sparkes, A.C. (Eds). Handbook of Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise. New York, NY: Routledge, 62-74
Jackall, R. (1988). Moral mazes: The world of corporate managers. New York: Oxford University Press.
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Jacoby, B., & Garland, J. (2004). Strategies for enhancing commuter student success. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 6(1), 61-79.
Jay, J. (2012). Navigating paradox as a mechanism of change and innovation in hybrid organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 56, 137-159.
Jones, I. (2015). Research Methods for Sports Studies. New York, NY: Routledge.
Jones, C., Maoret, M., Massa, F. G., & Svejenova, S. (2012). Rebels with a cause: Formation, contestation, and expansion of the de novo category “modern architecture,” 1870–1975. Organization Science, 23(6), 1523-1545.
Keeling, R. P. (1999). A new definition of college emerges: Everything that happens
to…a (newly defined) student, in the context of a noisy visual dataspace.
NASPA Forum, 20(5), 4-5.
Kelman, H. C. (2006). Interests, relationships, identities: Three central issues for individuals and groups in negotiating their social environment. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 1-26.
Kraatz, M. S., & Block, E. S. (2008). Organizational implications of institutional pluralism. In R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, K. Sahlin, & R. Suddaby (Eds). The Sage handbook of organizational institutionalism. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 243-275.
Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews: An Introduction to Qualitive Research Interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing.
Lincoln, Y.S. & Guba, E.G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE.
Lounsbury, M. (2007). A tale of two cities: Competing logics and practice variation in the professionalizing of mutual funds. Academy of Management Journal, 50(2), 289-307.
Lounsbury, M., & Pollack, S. (2001). Institutionalizing civic engagement: Shifting logics and the cultural repackaging of service-learning in US higher education. Organization, 8(2), 319-339.
Marquis, C., & Lounsbury, M. (2007). Vive la résistance: Competing logics and the consolidation of US community banking. Academy of Management Journal, 50(4), 799-820.
Mattingly, J. E., & Hall, H. T. (2008). Who gets to decide? The role of institutional logics in shaping stakeholder politics and insurgency. Business and Society Review, 113(1), 63-89.
McPherson, C. M., & Sauder, M. (2013). Logics in action: Managing institutional complexity in a drug court. Administrative Science Quarterly, 58(2), 165-196.
Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology, 83(2), 340-363.
Nagel, S., Schlesinger, T., Bayle, E., & Giauque, D. (2015). Professionalization of sport federations–a multi-level framework for analyzing forms, causes and consequences. European Sport Management Quarterly, 15(4), 407-433.
Nite, C. (2017). Message framing as institutional maintenance: The National Collegiate Athletic Association’s institutional work of addressing legitimate threats. Sport Management Review, 20(4), 338-351.
Nite, C., & Nauright, J. (2019). Examining institutional work that perpetuates abuse in sport organizations. Sport Management Review. DOI: 10.1016/j.smr.2019.06.002.
Nite, C., Abiodun, I., & Washington, M. (2019). The evolving institutional work of the National Collegiate Athletic Association to maintain dominance in a fragmented field. Sport Management Review, 22(3), 379-394.
Nite, C., Singer, J. N., & Cunningham, G. B. (2013). Addressing competing logics between the mission of a religious university and the demands of intercollegiate athletics. Sport Management Review, 16(4), 465-476.
Polletta, F., & Jasper, J. M. (2001). Collective identity and social movements. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(1), 283-305.
Reay, T., & Hinings, C. R. (2005). The recomposition of an organizational field: Health care in Alberta. Organization Studies, 26(3), 351-384.
Roccas, S., & Brewer, M. B. (2002). Social identity complexity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(2), 88-106.
Schulman, J. L., & Bowen, W.G. (2001). The game of life: College sports and educational values. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Scott, W. R. (1995). Institutions and organizations. Foundations for organizational science. London: A Sage Publication Series.
Selznick, P. (1948). Foundations of the theory of organization. American Sociological Review, 13(1), 25-35.
Selznick, P. (1949). TVA and the grass roots: A study in the sociology of formal organization. Berkley, CA: University of California Press.
Selznick, P. (1957). Leadership in administration. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Simon, B., Stürmer, S., & Steffens, K. (2000). Helping individuals or group members? The role of individual and collective identification in AIDS volunteerism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(4), 497-506.
Skirstad, B., & Chelladurai, P. (2011). For ‘love’ and money: A sports club’s innovative response to multiple logics. Journal of Sport Management, 25(4), 339-353.
Southall, R. M., & Nagel, M. S. (2008). A case-study analysis of NCAA Division I women’s basketball tournament broadcasts: Educational or commercial activity?. International Journal of Sport Communication, 1(4), 516-533.
Southall, R. M., & Nagel, M.S. (2010). Institutional logics theory. In E. Smith (Ed.), Sociology of Sport and Social Theory (pp. 67-80). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Southall, R. M., Nagel, M. S., Amis, J. M., & Southall, C. (2008). A method to March madness? Institutional logics and the 2006 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I men’s basketball tournament. Journal of Sport Management, 22(6), 677-700.
Stake, R. E. (1995). The Art of Case Study Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing.
Suddaby, R. (2010). Challenges for institutional theory. Journal of Management Inquiry, 19(1), 14-20.
Tajfel, H. (1974). Social identity and intergroup behavior. International Social Science Council, 13(2), 65-93.
Tajfel, H., Turner, J. C., Austin, W. G., & Worchel, S. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. Organizational Identity: A reader, 56-65.
Carnegie Classification Homepage (2019). The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education 2018 Update Facts & Figures. Retrieved on July, 10 2019 from http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/downloads/CCIHE2018-FactsFigures.pdf
Thornton, P. H., & Ocasio, W. (1999). Institutional logics and the historical contingency of power in organizations: Executive succession in the higher education publishing industry, 1958–1990. American Journal of Sociology, 105(3), 801-843.
Thornton, P. H., & Ocasio, W. (2008). Institutional logics. In R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, K. Sahlin, & R. Suddaby (Eds). The Sage Handbook of Organizational Institutionalism. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. pp. 99-128.
Thornton, P. H., Ocasio, W., & Lounsbury, M. (2012). The Institutional Logics Perspective: A New Approach to Culture, Structure, and Process. Oxford University Press.
Tinto, V. (1975). Dropout from higher education: A theoretical synthesis of recent research. Review of Educational Research, 45(1), 89-125.
Tinto, V. (1985). Dropping out and other forms of withdrawal from college. Increasing Student Retention, 2, 28-43.
Tinto, V. (1993). Building community. Liberal Education, 79(4), 16-21.
Tracey, P., Phillips, N., & Jarvis, O. (2011). Bridging institutional entrepreneurship and the creation of new organizational forms: A multilevel model. Organization Science, 22(1), 60-80.
Trail, G., & Chelladurai, P. (2002). Perceptions of intercollegiate athletic goals and processes: The influence of personal values. Journal of Sport Management, 16(4), 289-310.
Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.
VanWynsberghe, R., & Khan, S. (2007). Redefining case study. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 6(2), 80-94.
Washington, M., & Patterson, K. D. (2011). Hostile takeover or joint venture: Connections between institutional theory and sport management research. Sport Management Review, 14(1), 1-12.
Washington, M., & Ventresca, M. J. (2008). Institutional contradictions and struggles in the formation of US collegiate basketball, 1880–1938. Journal of Sport Management, 22(1), 30-49.
Zilber, T. B. (2002). Institutionalization as an interplay between actions, meanings, and actors: The case of a rape crisis center in Israel. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 234-254.
Zucker, L. G. (1977). The role of institutionalization in cultural persistence. American Sociological Review, 726-743.
Zukin, S., & DiMaggio, P. (Eds.). (1990). Structures of capital: The social organization of the economy. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Alvesson, M. (2002). Postmodernism and social research. Buckingham: Open University Press.
ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report. (2004). Student departure in commuter colleges
and universities. In J.M. Braxton, A.S. Hirschy, & S.A. McClendon (Eds). Understanding and educing college student departure. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc., pp. 35-51.
Battilana, J., & Dorado, S. (2010). Building sustainable hybrid organizations: The case of commercial microfinance organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 53(6), 1419-1440.
Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1967). The Social Construction of Reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
Bernard, H. R. (2002). Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Walnut Creek, CA: 3rd Alta Mira Press.
Besharov, M. L., & Smith, W. K. (2014). Multiple institutional logics in organizations: Explaining their varied nature and implications. Academy of Management Review, 39(3), 364-381.
Binder, A. (2007). For love and money: Organizations’ creative responses to multiple environmental logics. Theory and Society, 36(6), 547-571.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
Brickson, S. (2000). The impact of identity orientation on individual and organizational outcomes in demographically diverse settings. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 82-101.
Carlsson-Wall, M., Kraus, K., & Messner, M. (2016). Performance measurement systems and the enactment of different institutional logics: insights from a football organization. Management Accounting Research, 32, 45-61.
Chelladurai, P. (1987). Multidimensionality and multiple perspectives of organizational effectiveness. Journal of Sport Management, 1(1), 37-47.
Cousens, L., & Slack, T. (2005). Field-level change: The case of North American major league professional sport. Journal of Sport Management, 19(1), 13-42.
Creswell, J.W., & Plano Clark, V.L. (2011). Designing and Conducting Mixed Method Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Crotty, M. (1998). The foundations of social research: Meaning and perspective in the research process. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48, 147-160.
Frey, J. H. (1994). Deviance of organizational subunits: The case of college athletic departments. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 18(2), 110-122.
Friedland, R., & Alford, R. R. (1991). Bringing society back in: Symbols, practices, and institutional contradictions. In W. W. Powell, P. J. DiMaggio (Eds). The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Gammelsæter, H. (2010). Institutional pluralism and governance in “commercialized” sport clubs. European Sport Management Quarterly, 10(5), 569-594.
Gammelsæter, H., & Solenes, O. (2013). Money in–brains out? Institutional logics affecting athletes’ preparation for alternative careers. European Journal for Sport and Society, 10(3), 267-289.
Gilmore, S. (2013). Culture change in a professional sports team: Shaping environmental contexts and regulating power: A commentary. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 8(2), 305-307.
Glynn, M. A., & Lounsbury, M. (2005). From the critics’ corner: Logic blending, discursive change and authenticity in a cultural production system. Journal of Management Studies, 42(5), 1031-1055.
Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 91(3), 481-510.
Greenwood, R., Raynard, M., Kodeih, F., Micelotta, E. R., & Lounsbury, M. (2011). Institutional complexity and organizational responses. Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 317-371.
Herremans, I. M., Herschovis, M. S., & Bertels, S. (2009). Leaders and laggards: The influence of competing logics on corporate environmental action. Journal of Business Ethics, 89(3), 449-472.
Hodge, K., & Sharp, L.A. (2017). Case Studies. In B. Smith & Sparkes, A.C. (Eds). Handbook of Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise. New York, NY: Routledge, 62-74
Jackall, R. (1988). Moral mazes: The world of corporate managers. New York: Oxford University Press.
Jacoby, B. (2000). Why Involve Commuter Students in Learning?. New Directions for Higher Education, 109, 3-12.
Jacoby, B., & Garland, J. (2004). Strategies for enhancing commuter student success. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 6(1), 61-79.
Jay, J. (2012). Navigating paradox as a mechanism of change and innovation in hybrid organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 56, 137-159.
Jones, I. (2015). Research Methods for Sports Studies. New York, NY: Routledge.
Jones, C., Maoret, M., Massa, F. G., & Svejenova, S. (2012). Rebels with a cause: Formation, contestation, and expansion of the de novo category “modern architecture,” 1870–1975. Organization Science, 23(6), 1523-1545.
Keeling, R. P. (1999). A new definition of college emerges: Everything that happens
to…a (newly defined) student, in the context of a noisy visual dataspace.
NASPA Forum, 20(5), 4-5.
Kelman, H. C. (2006). Interests, relationships, identities: Three central issues for individuals and groups in negotiating their social environment. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 1-26.
Kraatz, M. S., & Block, E. S. (2008). Organizational implications of institutional pluralism. In R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, K. Sahlin, & R. Suddaby (Eds). The Sage handbook of organizational institutionalism. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 243-275.
Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews: An Introduction to Qualitive Research Interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing.
Lincoln, Y.S. & Guba, E.G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE.
Lounsbury, M. (2007). A tale of two cities: Competing logics and practice variation in the professionalizing of mutual funds. Academy of Management Journal, 50(2), 289-307.
Lounsbury, M., & Pollack, S. (2001). Institutionalizing civic engagement: Shifting logics and the cultural repackaging of service-learning in US higher education. Organization, 8(2), 319-339.
Marquis, C., & Lounsbury, M. (2007). Vive la résistance: Competing logics and the consolidation of US community banking. Academy of Management Journal, 50(4), 799-820.
Mattingly, J. E., & Hall, H. T. (2008). Who gets to decide? The role of institutional logics in shaping stakeholder politics and insurgency. Business and Society Review, 113(1), 63-89.
McPherson, C. M., & Sauder, M. (2013). Logics in action: Managing institutional complexity in a drug court. Administrative Science Quarterly, 58(2), 165-196.
Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology, 83(2), 340-363.
Nagel, S., Schlesinger, T., Bayle, E., & Giauque, D. (2015). Professionalization of sport federations–a multi-level framework for analyzing forms, causes and consequences. European Sport Management Quarterly, 15(4), 407-433.
Nite, C. (2017). Message framing as institutional maintenance: The National Collegiate Athletic Association’s institutional work of addressing legitimate threats. Sport Management Review, 20(4), 338-351.
Nite, C., & Nauright, J. (2019). Examining institutional work that perpetuates abuse in sport organizations. Sport Management Review. DOI: 10.1016/j.smr.2019.06.002.
Nite, C., Abiodun, I., & Washington, M. (2019). The evolving institutional work of the National Collegiate Athletic Association to maintain dominance in a fragmented field. Sport Management Review, 22(3), 379-394.
Nite, C., Singer, J. N., & Cunningham, G. B. (2013). Addressing competing logics between the mission of a religious university and the demands of intercollegiate athletics. Sport Management Review, 16(4), 465-476.
Polletta, F., & Jasper, J. M. (2001). Collective identity and social movements. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(1), 283-305.
Reay, T., & Hinings, C. R. (2005). The recomposition of an organizational field: Health care in Alberta. Organization Studies, 26(3), 351-384.
Roccas, S., & Brewer, M. B. (2002). Social identity complexity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(2), 88-106.
Schulman, J. L., & Bowen, W.G. (2001). The game of life: College sports and educational values. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Scott, W. R. (1995). Institutions and organizations. Foundations for organizational science. London: A Sage Publication Series.
Selznick, P. (1948). Foundations of the theory of organization. American Sociological Review, 13(1), 25-35.
Selznick, P. (1949). TVA and the grass roots: A study in the sociology of formal organization. Berkley, CA: University of California Press.
Selznick, P. (1957). Leadership in administration. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Simon, B., Stürmer, S., & Steffens, K. (2000). Helping individuals or group members? The role of individual and collective identification in AIDS volunteerism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(4), 497-506.
Skirstad, B., & Chelladurai, P. (2011). For ‘love’ and money: A sports club’s innovative response to multiple logics. Journal of Sport Management, 25(4), 339-353.
Southall, R. M., & Nagel, M. S. (2008). A case-study analysis of NCAA Division I women’s basketball tournament broadcasts: Educational or commercial activity?. International Journal of Sport Communication, 1(4), 516-533.
Southall, R. M., & Nagel, M.S. (2010). Institutional logics theory. In E. Smith (Ed.), Sociology of Sport and Social Theory (pp. 67-80). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Southall, R. M., Nagel, M. S., Amis, J. M., & Southall, C. (2008). A method to March madness? Institutional logics and the 2006 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I men’s basketball tournament. Journal of Sport Management, 22(6), 677-700.
Stake, R. E. (1995). The Art of Case Study Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing.
Suddaby, R. (2010). Challenges for institutional theory. Journal of Management Inquiry, 19(1), 14-20.
Tajfel, H. (1974). Social identity and intergroup behavior. International Social Science Council, 13(2), 65-93.
Tajfel, H., Turner, J. C., Austin, W. G., & Worchel, S. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. Organizational Identity: A reader, 56-65.
Carnegie Classification Homepage (2019). The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education 2018 Update Facts & Figures. Retrieved on July, 10 2019 from http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/downloads/CCIHE2018-FactsFigures.pdf
Thornton, P. H., & Ocasio, W. (1999). Institutional logics and the historical contingency of power in organizations: Executive succession in the higher education publishing industry, 1958–1990. American Journal of Sociology, 105(3), 801-843.
Thornton, P. H., & Ocasio, W. (2008). Institutional logics. In R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, K. Sahlin, & R. Suddaby (Eds). The Sage Handbook of Organizational Institutionalism. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. pp. 99-128.
Thornton, P. H., Ocasio, W., & Lounsbury, M. (2012). The Institutional Logics Perspective: A New Approach to Culture, Structure, and Process. Oxford University Press.
Tinto, V. (1975). Dropout from higher education: A theoretical synthesis of recent research. Review of Educational Research, 45(1), 89-125.
Tinto, V. (1985). Dropping out and other forms of withdrawal from college. Increasing Student Retention, 2, 28-43.
Tinto, V. (1993). Building community. Liberal Education, 79(4), 16-21.
Tracey, P., Phillips, N., & Jarvis, O. (2011). Bridging institutional entrepreneurship and the creation of new organizational forms: A multilevel model. Organization Science, 22(1), 60-80.
Trail, G., & Chelladurai, P. (2002). Perceptions of intercollegiate athletic goals and processes: The influence of personal values. Journal of Sport Management, 16(4), 289-310.
Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.
VanWynsberghe, R., & Khan, S. (2007). Redefining case study. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 6(2), 80-94.
Washington, M., & Patterson, K. D. (2011). Hostile takeover or joint venture: Connections between institutional theory and sport management research. Sport Management Review, 14(1), 1-12.
Washington, M., & Ventresca, M. J. (2008). Institutional contradictions and struggles in the formation of US collegiate basketball, 1880–1938. Journal of Sport Management, 22(1), 30-49.
Zilber, T. B. (2002). Institutionalization as an interplay between actions, meanings, and actors: The case of a rape crisis center in Israel. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 234-254.
Zucker, L. G. (1977). The role of institutionalization in cultural persistence. American Sociological Review, 726-743.
Zukin, S., & DiMaggio, P. (Eds.). (1990). Structures of capital: The social organization of the economy. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
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Copyright (c) 2020 Jay Martyn, Brent D. Oja, Alan L. Morse
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Martyn, J., Oja, B. D., & Morse, A. L. (2020). Investigating Multiplicity: Institutional Logics and Division II Commuter Student Athletes. Journal of Intercollegiate Sport, 13(1), 2-23. https://doi.org/10.17161/jis.v13i1.12048
