A Review of Sipuleucel-T in Combination with Other Therapies for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Abstract

Recent research has expanded the therapeutic landscape for sipuleucel-T by introducing several combination treatments. These include innovative hormone therapies (enzalutamide and abiraterone), immunomodulatory agents (including IL-15, IL-7, atezolizumab, ipilimumab, and indoximod), DNA vaccines, and radiopharmaceuticals, many of which have demonstrated enhanced clinical outcomes and received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These combination therapies present novel opportunities to enhance patient survival and quality of life. Sipuleucel-T, a significant autologous cell immunotherapy, was approved by the FDA in 2010 for the treatment of patients with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Integration of sipuleucel-T with other therapeutic modalities holds promise for advancing mCRPC treatment. Nevertheless, the optimal sequencing and combination strategies for sipuleucel-T with other therapies remain under investigation, with numerous clinical trials currently exploring new treatment paradigms. Incorporation of these therapies, particularly to develop more effective and personalized treatment strategies, necessitates additional research. Future studies should aim to ascertain the optimal timing and sequencing of treatments and to identify biomarkers that can predict treatment responses, thereby enhancing outcomes for patients with mCRPC. This review underscores potential strategies for the integration of sipuleucel-T with other therapies and examines their therapeutic potential in mCRPC.