Crossing Goal Lines and Borders
Engaging Black Male Student-Athletes in Education Abroad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17161/jis.v12i1.11563Keywords:
identity foreclosure, Black male student-athletes, student development, education abroad, raceAbstract
Many Black male student-athletes suffer from identity foreclosure at rates higher than their white peers as they fail to develop salient aspects of their identity outside of the athlete role (Murphy, Petitpas, & Brewer, 1996; Beamon, 2012). Education abroad offers the opportunity to take advantage of a holistic collegiate experience, which impedes the detrimental effects of the athletic identity foreclosure process. International educational opportunities can positively influence Black male student-athletes’ personal, academic, and professional development as they come to see the world beyond the gym and campus. This article examines the significance and value of creating education abroad opportunities for Black male student-athletes as a means of providing meaningful educational opportunities in the realm of higher education.
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References
Adler, P. A. & Adler, P. (1991). Backboards & blackboards: College athletics and role
engulfment. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
Angulo, S. K. (2008). Identity change in students who study abroad. (Doctoral Dissertation) Retrieved from https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/3819/angulos97170.pdf?sequenc e=2&isAllowed=y
Baggot, A. (2017 August). Opportunity to study abroad opens minds, hearts. Retrieved from http://uwbadgers.com/news/2017/8/4/general-opportunity-to-study-abroad-opens-minds- hearts.aspx
Baker, A. R., & Hawkins, B. J. (2016). Academic and career advancement for Black male athletes at NCAA Division I Institutions. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, (150), 71-82.
Beamon, K. (2010). Are sports overemphasized in the socialization process of African American males? A qualitative analysis of former collegiate athletes’ perception of sport socialization. Journal of Black Studies. 41(2), 281–300.
Beamon, K. (2012). “I’m a Baller”: Athletic Identity Foreclosure among African-American Former Student-Athletes. Journal of African American Studies, 16(2), 195-208.
Bimper, A. Jr. (2016). Capital Matters: Social Sustaining Capital and the Development of Black Student-Athletes. Journal of Intercollegiate Sport, 9(1),106-128.
Bimper, A. Y., & Harrison, L. (2011). Meet me at the crossroads: African American athletic and racial identity. Quest, 63(3), 275-288.
Braskamp, L. A., Braskamp, D. C., & Merrill, K. (2009). Assessing progress in global learning and development of students with education abroad experiences. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 18, 101-118.
Brewer, B. W., Van Raalte, J. L., & Linder, D. E. (1993). Athletic identity: Hercules' muscles or Achilles heel? International Journal of Sport Psychology. 24(2), 237-254
Comeaux, E. (2010). Racial differences in faculty perceptions of collegiate student-athletes’ academic and post-undergraduate achievements. Sociology of Sport Journal, 27(4), 390- 412.
Comeaux, E., & Harrison, C. K. (2011). A conceptual model of academic success for student- athletes. Educational Researcher, 40(5), 235-245.
Day-Vines, Norma, Barker, J. M., & Exum, H. A. (1998). Impact of diasporic travel on ethnic identity development of African American college students. College Student Journal, 32, 463-471
Dinani, T. T. (2016). The impact of ethnic identity stage development on the intercultural sensitivity of African-American students during study abroad. (Doctoral Dissertation) Retried from: https://search.proquest.com/openview/be7a3cf7c97f47c507844822ba43891e/1?pq- origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
Dolby, N. (2004). Encountering an American self: Study abroad and national identity. Comparative Education Review, 48(2), 150-173.
Du Bois, W. E. B. (1989). The Souls of Black Folk. 1903. Three Negro Classics, 207-389.
Fanon, F. & Markmann, C.L. (1967). Black Skin, White Masks. New York, NY: Grove Press.
Freire, P. (2000). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York, NY: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Hall, S. (1996). New ethnicities. In D. Morley, & K.H. Chen (eds.), Stuart Hall: Critical
dialogues in cultural studies (442-451). New York, NY: Routledge.
Harder, A., Andenoro, A., Roberts, T. G., Stedman, N., Newberry, M., III, Parker, S. J., & Rodriguez, M. T. (2015). Does study abroad increase employability? NACTA Journal, 59(1), 41-48
Harper, S. R. (2018). Black male student-athletes and racial inequities in NCAA Division I
college sports: 2018 edition. Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California, Race
and Equity Center.
Harper, S. R. (2006). Black male students at public flagship universities in the US: Status, trends, and implications for policy and practice. Washington, D.C.: Joint Center for
Political and Economic Studies, Health Policy Institute.
Harper, S. R., Williams, C. D., & Blackman, H. W. (2013). Black male student-athletes and racial inequities in NCAA Division I college sports. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania, Center for the Study of Race and Equity in Education
Harrison Jr, L. (2011). Athletes’ rights and justice issues: It’s not business, it’s personal. Journal of Intercollegiate Sport, 4(1), 14-17.
Hawkins, B. (2013). The new plantation: Black athletes, college sports, and predominantly white NCAA institutions. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hodge, S.R., Burden, J.W., Robinson, L.E., & Bennett, R.A. (2008). Theorizing on the
Stereotyping of Black Male Student-Athletes. Journal for the Study of Sports and
Athletes in Education, 2(2), 203-226.
Holland, D., Lachicotte, Jr., W. S., Skinner, D., & Cain, C. (1998). Identity and agency in
cultural worlds. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Jackson, J. (2008). Language, identity, and study abroad: Sociocultural perspectives. Equinox.
Logan Jr, A. D. (2017). The one dimensional Black college football player: a mixed methods approach to understanding racial and athletic identity. (Doctoral dissertation)
Retrieved from: https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/61908/LOGAN- DISSERTATION-2017.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Lu, C., Reddick, R., Dean, D., & Pecero, V. (2015). Coloring Up Study Abroad: Exploring Black Students’ Decision to Study in China. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 52(4), 440-451.
Luo, J., & Jamieson-Drake, D. (2015). Predictors of study abroad intent, participation, and
college outcomes. Research in Higher Education, 56(1), 29-56.
Marcia, J. E. (1966). Development and validation of ego-identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3(5), 551.
Martin, B. E., Harrison, C. K., Stone, J., & Lawrence, S. M. (2010). Athletic voices and academic victories: African American male student-athlete experiences in the Pac-Ten. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 34(2), 131-153.
McAdams, D. P. (2013). The redemptive self: Stories Americans live by (revised and expanded edition). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Menke, D. J. (2016). Inside the Bubble: College Experiences of Student–Athletes in Revenue- Producing Sports. Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, 10(1), 16-
32.
Milstein, T. (2005). Transformation abroad: Sojourning and the perceived enhancement of self- efficacy. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29(2), 217-238.
Murphy, D. (2017, February 1st). Jet-set Jim: Harbaugh intends to take Michigan team abroad every year. ESPN. Retrieved from: http://www.espn.com/collegefootball/story/_/id/18600045/jim-harbaugh-michigan- wolverines-coach-plans-take- team-abroad-every-year
Murphy, G. M., Petitpas, A. J., & Brewer, B. W. (1996). Identity foreclosure, athletic identity, and career maturity in intercollegiate athletes. Sport Psychologist, 10, 239-246.
Nasir, N. I. (2011). Racialized identities: Race and achievement among African American youth.
(Master’s Thesis) Retrieved from
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3216&context=etd
Nasir, N. I. S., & Saxe, G. B. (2003). Ethnic and academic identities: A cultural practice perspective on emerging tensions and their management in the lives of minority students. Educational Researcher, 32(5), 14-18.
National Association for Foreign Student Advisers (NAFSA): Association of International Educators. (2003). Securing America's future: Global education for a global age. Report of the Strategic Task Force on Education Abroad.
NCAA. (2017). Here Are the Odds That Your Kid Becomes a Professional Athlete (Hint: They're Small), Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/odds-college-athletes-become-professionals-2012-2#baseball-116-of-college-players-play-professionally-06-of-high-school-players-do-1.
National Collegiate Athletic Association. (2018). Sport sponsorship, participation and
demographics search. Student-athletes 2017-2018 overall figures. Retrieved from,
http://web1.ncaa.org/rgdSearch/exec/saSearch
Norris, E. M., & Gillespie, J. (2005). Study abroad: Stepping stone to a successful international career. NACE Journal, 65(3), 30-36.
Obst, Daniel., Bhandari, Rajika., & Witherell, Sharon. (2007, May). Current trends in U.S. study abroad & the impact of strategic diversity initiatives. Meeting America’s Global Education Challenge, 1, 1-25.
Posey, J. T. (2003). Study abroad: Educational and employment outcomes of participants versus non-participants. Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, The Florida State University.[On-Line]. Available: etd. lib. fsu. Edu/theses/submitted/etd-11142003-213320/unrestricted/JPDissertation. pdf.
Potts, D. (2015). Understanding the early career benefits of learning abroad programs. Journal of Studies in International Education, 19(5), 441-459.
Preston, K. (2012). The Impact of Study Abroad on Recent College Graduates’ Careers. IES Abroad Recent Graduate Survey. Retrieved from http://www.iesabroad.org/system/files/recentgraduatessurvey.pdf
Redden, E. (2013). Beyond study abroad. Inside Higher Education. Retrieved from http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2013/05/14/penn-pushes-international-internships- and-career-opportunities
Sailes, G. A. (1998). The African American Athlete: Social Myths and Stereotypes. In A.G. Sailes (ed.), African Americans in sport (pp.183-198). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Salisbury, M. H., Paulsen, M. B., & Pascarella, E. T. (2011). Why do all the study abroad
students look alike? Applying an integrated student choice model to explore differences
in the factors that influence white and minority students’ intent to study abroad. Research
in Higher Education, 52(2), 123-150.
Sinclair, A. & Bennett, R. A. (2015). “The supply chain: Discourse on Black male college football players and revenue generation”. In R. A. Bennett, S.R. Hodge, D.L. Graham & J.L. Moore (eds.), Black males and intercollegiate athletics: An exploration of problems and solutions (pp.29-45). Bingley, U.K.: Emerald Publishing.
Singer, J. N., & Buford May, R. A. (2011). The career trajectory of a Black male high school
basketball player: A social reproduction perspective. International Review for the
Sociology of Sport, 46(3), 299–314.
Singer, J. N. (2008). Benefits and detriments of African American male athletes' participation in a big-time college football program. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 43(4), 399-408.
Spiering, K., & Erickson, S. (2006). Study abroad as innovation: Applying the diffusion model to international education. International Education Journal, 7(3), 314-322.
Sutton, R. C., & Rubin, D. L. (2004). The GLOSSARI Project: Initial Findings from a System- Wide Research Initiative on Study Abroad Learning Outcomes. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 10, 65-82.
Sutton, R. C., & Rubin, D. L. (2010, June). Documenting the academic impact of study abroad: Final report of the GLOSSARI project. In annual conference of NAFSA: Association of International Educators, Kansas City, MO.
Trooboff, S., Vande Berg, M., & Rayman, J. (2008). Employer Attitudes toward Study Abroad. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 15, 17-33.
Urrieta, L. (2007). Figured worlds and education: An introduction to the special issue. The Urban Review, 39(2), 107-116.
Wick, D. J. (2011). Study abroad for students of color: a third space for negotiating agency and identity (Doctoral Dissertation). Retrieved from San Francisco State Digital Repository. 10211.3/99358
Willis, T. Y. (2016). Microaggressions and Intersectionality in the Experiences of Black Women Studying Abroad through Community Colleges: Implications for Practice. In R. Latiner
Raby & E.J. Valeau (eds.), International education at community colleges (pp. 127-
141). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Witherell, S. (2016). IIE releases Open Doors 2016 data. Institute of International.
Young, J. T., Natrajan-Tyagi, R., & Platt, J. J. (2015). Identity in flux: Negotiating identity while studying abroad. Journal of Experiential Education, 38(2), 175-188.
Zemach-Bersin, T. (2010). Selling the world: Study abroad marketing and the privatization of global citizenship. In R. Lewin (ed.), The handbook of practice and research in study
abroad (pp. 325-342). New York, NY: Routledge.
engulfment. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
Angulo, S. K. (2008). Identity change in students who study abroad. (Doctoral Dissertation) Retrieved from https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/3819/angulos97170.pdf?sequenc e=2&isAllowed=y
Baggot, A. (2017 August). Opportunity to study abroad opens minds, hearts. Retrieved from http://uwbadgers.com/news/2017/8/4/general-opportunity-to-study-abroad-opens-minds- hearts.aspx
Baker, A. R., & Hawkins, B. J. (2016). Academic and career advancement for Black male athletes at NCAA Division I Institutions. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, (150), 71-82.
Beamon, K. (2010). Are sports overemphasized in the socialization process of African American males? A qualitative analysis of former collegiate athletes’ perception of sport socialization. Journal of Black Studies. 41(2), 281–300.
Beamon, K. (2012). “I’m a Baller”: Athletic Identity Foreclosure among African-American Former Student-Athletes. Journal of African American Studies, 16(2), 195-208.
Bimper, A. Jr. (2016). Capital Matters: Social Sustaining Capital and the Development of Black Student-Athletes. Journal of Intercollegiate Sport, 9(1),106-128.
Bimper, A. Y., & Harrison, L. (2011). Meet me at the crossroads: African American athletic and racial identity. Quest, 63(3), 275-288.
Braskamp, L. A., Braskamp, D. C., & Merrill, K. (2009). Assessing progress in global learning and development of students with education abroad experiences. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 18, 101-118.
Brewer, B. W., Van Raalte, J. L., & Linder, D. E. (1993). Athletic identity: Hercules' muscles or Achilles heel? International Journal of Sport Psychology. 24(2), 237-254
Comeaux, E. (2010). Racial differences in faculty perceptions of collegiate student-athletes’ academic and post-undergraduate achievements. Sociology of Sport Journal, 27(4), 390- 412.
Comeaux, E., & Harrison, C. K. (2011). A conceptual model of academic success for student- athletes. Educational Researcher, 40(5), 235-245.
Day-Vines, Norma, Barker, J. M., & Exum, H. A. (1998). Impact of diasporic travel on ethnic identity development of African American college students. College Student Journal, 32, 463-471
Dinani, T. T. (2016). The impact of ethnic identity stage development on the intercultural sensitivity of African-American students during study abroad. (Doctoral Dissertation) Retried from: https://search.proquest.com/openview/be7a3cf7c97f47c507844822ba43891e/1?pq- origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
Dolby, N. (2004). Encountering an American self: Study abroad and national identity. Comparative Education Review, 48(2), 150-173.
Du Bois, W. E. B. (1989). The Souls of Black Folk. 1903. Three Negro Classics, 207-389.
Fanon, F. & Markmann, C.L. (1967). Black Skin, White Masks. New York, NY: Grove Press.
Freire, P. (2000). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York, NY: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Hall, S. (1996). New ethnicities. In D. Morley, & K.H. Chen (eds.), Stuart Hall: Critical
dialogues in cultural studies (442-451). New York, NY: Routledge.
Harder, A., Andenoro, A., Roberts, T. G., Stedman, N., Newberry, M., III, Parker, S. J., & Rodriguez, M. T. (2015). Does study abroad increase employability? NACTA Journal, 59(1), 41-48
Harper, S. R. (2018). Black male student-athletes and racial inequities in NCAA Division I
college sports: 2018 edition. Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California, Race
and Equity Center.
Harper, S. R. (2006). Black male students at public flagship universities in the US: Status, trends, and implications for policy and practice. Washington, D.C.: Joint Center for
Political and Economic Studies, Health Policy Institute.
Harper, S. R., Williams, C. D., & Blackman, H. W. (2013). Black male student-athletes and racial inequities in NCAA Division I college sports. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania, Center for the Study of Race and Equity in Education
Harrison Jr, L. (2011). Athletes’ rights and justice issues: It’s not business, it’s personal. Journal of Intercollegiate Sport, 4(1), 14-17.
Hawkins, B. (2013). The new plantation: Black athletes, college sports, and predominantly white NCAA institutions. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hodge, S.R., Burden, J.W., Robinson, L.E., & Bennett, R.A. (2008). Theorizing on the
Stereotyping of Black Male Student-Athletes. Journal for the Study of Sports and
Athletes in Education, 2(2), 203-226.
Holland, D., Lachicotte, Jr., W. S., Skinner, D., & Cain, C. (1998). Identity and agency in
cultural worlds. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Jackson, J. (2008). Language, identity, and study abroad: Sociocultural perspectives. Equinox.
Logan Jr, A. D. (2017). The one dimensional Black college football player: a mixed methods approach to understanding racial and athletic identity. (Doctoral dissertation)
Retrieved from: https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/61908/LOGAN- DISSERTATION-2017.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Lu, C., Reddick, R., Dean, D., & Pecero, V. (2015). Coloring Up Study Abroad: Exploring Black Students’ Decision to Study in China. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 52(4), 440-451.
Luo, J., & Jamieson-Drake, D. (2015). Predictors of study abroad intent, participation, and
college outcomes. Research in Higher Education, 56(1), 29-56.
Marcia, J. E. (1966). Development and validation of ego-identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3(5), 551.
Martin, B. E., Harrison, C. K., Stone, J., & Lawrence, S. M. (2010). Athletic voices and academic victories: African American male student-athlete experiences in the Pac-Ten. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 34(2), 131-153.
McAdams, D. P. (2013). The redemptive self: Stories Americans live by (revised and expanded edition). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Menke, D. J. (2016). Inside the Bubble: College Experiences of Student–Athletes in Revenue- Producing Sports. Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, 10(1), 16-
32.
Milstein, T. (2005). Transformation abroad: Sojourning and the perceived enhancement of self- efficacy. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29(2), 217-238.
Murphy, D. (2017, February 1st). Jet-set Jim: Harbaugh intends to take Michigan team abroad every year. ESPN. Retrieved from: http://www.espn.com/collegefootball/story/_/id/18600045/jim-harbaugh-michigan- wolverines-coach-plans-take- team-abroad-every-year
Murphy, G. M., Petitpas, A. J., & Brewer, B. W. (1996). Identity foreclosure, athletic identity, and career maturity in intercollegiate athletes. Sport Psychologist, 10, 239-246.
Nasir, N. I. (2011). Racialized identities: Race and achievement among African American youth.
(Master’s Thesis) Retrieved from
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3216&context=etd
Nasir, N. I. S., & Saxe, G. B. (2003). Ethnic and academic identities: A cultural practice perspective on emerging tensions and their management in the lives of minority students. Educational Researcher, 32(5), 14-18.
National Association for Foreign Student Advisers (NAFSA): Association of International Educators. (2003). Securing America's future: Global education for a global age. Report of the Strategic Task Force on Education Abroad.
NCAA. (2017). Here Are the Odds That Your Kid Becomes a Professional Athlete (Hint: They're Small), Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/odds-college-athletes-become-professionals-2012-2#baseball-116-of-college-players-play-professionally-06-of-high-school-players-do-1.
National Collegiate Athletic Association. (2018). Sport sponsorship, participation and
demographics search. Student-athletes 2017-2018 overall figures. Retrieved from,
http://web1.ncaa.org/rgdSearch/exec/saSearch
Norris, E. M., & Gillespie, J. (2005). Study abroad: Stepping stone to a successful international career. NACE Journal, 65(3), 30-36.
Obst, Daniel., Bhandari, Rajika., & Witherell, Sharon. (2007, May). Current trends in U.S. study abroad & the impact of strategic diversity initiatives. Meeting America’s Global Education Challenge, 1, 1-25.
Posey, J. T. (2003). Study abroad: Educational and employment outcomes of participants versus non-participants. Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, The Florida State University.[On-Line]. Available: etd. lib. fsu. Edu/theses/submitted/etd-11142003-213320/unrestricted/JPDissertation. pdf.
Potts, D. (2015). Understanding the early career benefits of learning abroad programs. Journal of Studies in International Education, 19(5), 441-459.
Preston, K. (2012). The Impact of Study Abroad on Recent College Graduates’ Careers. IES Abroad Recent Graduate Survey. Retrieved from http://www.iesabroad.org/system/files/recentgraduatessurvey.pdf
Redden, E. (2013). Beyond study abroad. Inside Higher Education. Retrieved from http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2013/05/14/penn-pushes-international-internships- and-career-opportunities
Sailes, G. A. (1998). The African American Athlete: Social Myths and Stereotypes. In A.G. Sailes (ed.), African Americans in sport (pp.183-198). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Salisbury, M. H., Paulsen, M. B., & Pascarella, E. T. (2011). Why do all the study abroad
students look alike? Applying an integrated student choice model to explore differences
in the factors that influence white and minority students’ intent to study abroad. Research
in Higher Education, 52(2), 123-150.
Sinclair, A. & Bennett, R. A. (2015). “The supply chain: Discourse on Black male college football players and revenue generation”. In R. A. Bennett, S.R. Hodge, D.L. Graham & J.L. Moore (eds.), Black males and intercollegiate athletics: An exploration of problems and solutions (pp.29-45). Bingley, U.K.: Emerald Publishing.
Singer, J. N., & Buford May, R. A. (2011). The career trajectory of a Black male high school
basketball player: A social reproduction perspective. International Review for the
Sociology of Sport, 46(3), 299–314.
Singer, J. N. (2008). Benefits and detriments of African American male athletes' participation in a big-time college football program. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 43(4), 399-408.
Spiering, K., & Erickson, S. (2006). Study abroad as innovation: Applying the diffusion model to international education. International Education Journal, 7(3), 314-322.
Sutton, R. C., & Rubin, D. L. (2004). The GLOSSARI Project: Initial Findings from a System- Wide Research Initiative on Study Abroad Learning Outcomes. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 10, 65-82.
Sutton, R. C., & Rubin, D. L. (2010, June). Documenting the academic impact of study abroad: Final report of the GLOSSARI project. In annual conference of NAFSA: Association of International Educators, Kansas City, MO.
Trooboff, S., Vande Berg, M., & Rayman, J. (2008). Employer Attitudes toward Study Abroad. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 15, 17-33.
Urrieta, L. (2007). Figured worlds and education: An introduction to the special issue. The Urban Review, 39(2), 107-116.
Wick, D. J. (2011). Study abroad for students of color: a third space for negotiating agency and identity (Doctoral Dissertation). Retrieved from San Francisco State Digital Repository. 10211.3/99358
Willis, T. Y. (2016). Microaggressions and Intersectionality in the Experiences of Black Women Studying Abroad through Community Colleges: Implications for Practice. In R. Latiner
Raby & E.J. Valeau (eds.), International education at community colleges (pp. 127-
141). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Witherell, S. (2016). IIE releases Open Doors 2016 data. Institute of International.
Young, J. T., Natrajan-Tyagi, R., & Platt, J. J. (2015). Identity in flux: Negotiating identity while studying abroad. Journal of Experiential Education, 38(2), 175-188.
Zemach-Bersin, T. (2010). Selling the world: Study abroad marketing and the privatization of global citizenship. In R. Lewin (ed.), The handbook of practice and research in study
abroad (pp. 325-342). New York, NY: Routledge.
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2019-07-09
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Walker, D. L., Harrison, L., & Bennett, R. (2019). Crossing Goal Lines and Borders: Engaging Black Male Student-Athletes in Education Abroad. Journal of Intercollegiate Sport, 12(1), 103-117. https://doi.org/10.17161/jis.v12i1.11563
