Trigonisca townsendi (Cockerell) from northwestern Peru: Taxonomic, biological, and ethnobiological notes (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)

Authors

  • Claus Rasmussen Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Denmark https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1529-6548
  • Sean Birk Bek Craig Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Denmark
  • Reynaldo Elizalde Vilela Tumbes, Peru
  • Pedro S. Castillo Carrillo Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, Peru https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0255-1047

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17161/jom.vi151.25730

Abstract

Trigonisca townsendi is a tiny stingless bee from the dry forests of northwestern Peru, where it plays a role in pollination and the traditional medicinal use of honey. Trigonisca has never been comprehensively revised, making species identification difficult. Accurate taxonomy requires information on male morphology, particularly the genitalia. Here, we provide a diagnosis of T. townsendi and high-resolution images of the male genitalia to aid future taxonomic work. We also summarize its distribution, nesting biology, and cultural significance.

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Published

22-09-2026

How to Cite

Rasmussen, C., Craig, S. B. B., Elizalde Vilela, R., & Castillo Carrillo, P. S. (2026). Trigonisca townsendi (Cockerell) from northwestern Peru: Taxonomic, biological, and ethnobiological notes (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini). Journal of Melittology, 151. https://doi.org/10.17161/jom.vi151.25730

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