Neuromuscular Complications in COVID-19: A Review of the Literature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17161/rrnmf.v1i3.13816Keywords:
COVID-19, Viral infections, Pneumonia, Neuromuscular complications, Immunosuppression, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome, Myelitis, Myasthenia gravisAbstract
Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) belongs to the betacoronavirus family which is known to cross species barriers and lead to high pathogenicity. There is rapidly growing evidence that COVID-19 infection can be associated with neuromuscular complications. A comprehensive literature review was conducted evaluating articles published related to neuromuscular complications in COVID-19. In this review we focus our discussion on two ways that COVID-19 critically impacts neuromuscular medicine: (1) serious complications and outcomes associated with the viral infection and; (2) management considerations for neuromuscular patients on immunotherapies during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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35. Anand P, Slama MCC, Kaku M, et al. COVID ‐19 in patients with myasthenia gravis. Muscle & Nerve. 2020. doi:10.1002/mus.26918
36. Zhao K, Huang J, Dai D, Feng Y, Liu L, Nie S. Acute myelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report. 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.03.16.20035105
37. Munz M, Wessendorf S, Koretsis G, et al. Acute transverse myelitis after COVID-19 pneumonia. Journal of Neurology. 2020. doi:10.1007/s00415-020-09934-w
38. Manji H, Carr AS, Brownlee WJ, Lunn MP. Neurology in the time of COVID-19. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2020;91(6):568-570. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2020-323414
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40. Montalvan V, Lee J, Bueso T, Toledo JD, Rivas K. Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections: A systematic review. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2020;194:105921. doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.105921
41. Dalakas MC. Guillain-Barré syndrome: The first documented COVID-19–triggered autoimmune neurologic disease. Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation. 2020;7(5). doi:10.1212/nxi.0000000000000781
42. Delly F, Syed MJ, Lisak RP, Zutshi D. Myasthenic crisis in COVID-19. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 2020;414:116888. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2020.116888
43. Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis ML, Lely AT, Navis G, van Goor H. Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus: a first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol. 2004;203(2):631-637. doi:10.1002/path.1570
44. Ramaswamy SB, Govindarajan R. COVID-19 in Refractory Myasthenia Gravis- A Case Report of Successful Outcome. Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases. 2020;7(3):361-364. doi:10.3233/jnd-200520
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3. Ahmad, I. and Rathore, F., 2020. Neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19: A literature review. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 77, pp.8-12. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2020.05.017
4. Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, et al. Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China [published online ahead of print April 10, 2020]. JAMA Neurol. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127.
5. Guidon AC, Amato AA. COVID-19 and neuromuscular disorders. Neurology. 2020;94(22):959-969. doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000009566
6. Ahmad, I. and Rathore, F., 2020. Neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19: A literature review. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 77, pp.8-12. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000009566
7. Alberti, P., Beretta, S., Piatti, M., Karantzoulis, A., Piatti, M., Santoro, P., Viganò, M., Giovannelli, G., Pirro, F., Montisano, D., Appollonio, I. and Ferrarese, C., 2020. Guillain-Barré syndrome related to COVID-19 infection. Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation, 7(4), p.e741. doi:10.1212/NXI.0000000000000741
8. Assini, A., Benedetti, L., Di Maio, S., Schirinzi, E. and Del Sette, M., 2020. New clinical manifestation of COVID-19 related Guillain-Barrè syndrome highly responsive to intravenous immunoglobulins: two Italian cases. Neurological Sciences,. doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04484-5
9. Camdessanche, J., Morel, J., Pozzetto, B., Paul, S., Tholance, Y. and Botelho-Nevers, E., 2020. COVID-19 may induce Guillain–Barré syndrome. Revue Neurologique, 176(6), pp.516-518.
10. Coen, M., Jeanson, G., Culebras Almeida, L., Hübers, A., Stierlin, F., Najjar, I., Ongaro, M., Moulin, K., Makrygianni, M., Leemann, B., Kronig, I., Bertrand, J., Reny, J., Schibler, M. and Serratrice, J., 2020. Guillain-Barré syndrome as a complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, pp.111-112. doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.074
11. Helbok, R., Beer, R., Löscher, W., Boesch, S., Reindl, M., Hornung, R., Schiefecker, A., Deisenhammer, F. and Pfausler, B., 2020. Guillain‐Barré syndrome in a patient with antibodies against SARS‐COV‐2. European Journal of Neurology,. doi: 10.1111/ENE.14388
12. Lascano, A., Epiney, J., Coen, M., Serratrice, J., Bernard‐Valnet, R., Lalive, P., Kuntzer, T. and Hübers, A., 2020. SARS‐CoV‐2 and Guillain‐Barré syndrome: AIDP variant with favorable outcome. European Journal of Neurology,. doi: 10.1111/ENE.14368
13. Oguz‐Akarsu, E., Ozpar, R., Mirzayev, H., Acet‐Ozturk, N., Hakyemez, B., Ediger, D., Karli, N., Akalın, H., Mustafaoglu, M., Armagan, E., Hunutlu, C., Urhan, A., Yilmaz, E., Kazak, E., Heper, Y., Karadag, M., Ursavas, A., Coskun, F., Uzaslan, E., Gorektasli, A., Demirdogen, E., Ozkalemkas, F., Celebi, S., Uncu, G., Turkkan, A., Ozcakir, A., Ozdemir, L., Ozakın, C., Kelebek, N., Duzgun, F., Bor, N., Sakarya, S., Durmaz, F., Parlak, M., Gullulu, M., Goren, S., Aydinlar, A., Durak, K., İscimen, R., Akova, B., Adim, S., Ozcakir, S., Payaslioglu, A., Oral, H., Kaya, E., Kiristioglu, I. and Ali, R., 2020. Guillain–Barré Syndrome in a Patient with Minimal Symptoms of COVID‐19 Infection. Muscle & Nerve,. Doi.org/10.1002/mus.26992
14. Ottaviani, D., Boso, F., Tranquillini, E., Gapeni, I., Pedrotti, G., Cozzio, S., Guarrera, G. and Giometto, B., 2020. Early Guillain-Barré syndrome in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a case report from an Italian COVID-hospital. Neurological Sciences, 41(6), pp.1351-1354. doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04449-8
15. Rana, S., Lima, A., Chandra, R., Valeriano, J., Desai, T., Freiberg, W. and Small, G., 2020. Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)-Associated Guillain–Barré Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Neuromuscular Disease, 21(4), pp.240-242.doi.10.1097/cnd.0000000000000309
16. Padroni, M., Mastrangelo, V., Asioli, G., Pavolucci, L., Abu-Rumeileh, S., Piscaglia, M., Querzani, P., Callegarini, C. and Foschi, M., 2020. Guillain-Barré syndrome following COVID-19: new infection, old complication?. Journal of Neurology,. doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-09849-6
17. Scheidl, E., Canseco, D., Hadji‐Naumov, A. and Bereznai, B., 2020. Guillain‐Barr é syndrome during SARS‐CoV ‐2 pandemic: A case report and review of recent literature. Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System, 25(2), pp.204-207. doi.org/ 10.1111/jns.12382
18. Sedaghat Z, Karimi N. Guillain Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: A case report. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 2020;76:233-235. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2020.04.062
19. Su XW, Palka SV, Rao RR, Chen FS, Brackney CR, Cambi F. SARS‐CoV ‐2–associated Guillain‐Barré syndrome with dysautonomia. Muscle & Nerve. 2020. doi:10.1002/mus.26988
20. Otmani HE, Moutawakil BE, Rafai M-A, et al. Covid-19 and Guillain-Barré syndrome: More than a coincidence! Revue Neurologique. 2020;176(6):518-519. doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2020.04.007
21. Toscano G, Palmerini F, Ravaglia S, et al. Guillain–Barré Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020. doi:10.1056/nejmc2009191
22. Virani A, Rabold E, Hanson T, et al. Guillain-Barré Syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. IDCases. 2020;20. doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00771
23. Zhao H, Shen D, Zhou H, Liu J, Chen S. Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: causality or coincidence? The Lancet Neurology. 2020;19(5):383-384. doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30109-5
24. Gutiérrez-Ortiz C, Méndez A, Rodrigo-Rey S, et al. Miller Fisher Syndrome and polyneuritis cranialis in COVID-19. Neurology. 2020. doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000009619
25. Reyes‐Bueno JA, García‐Trujillo L, Urbaneja P, et al. Miller‐Fisher syndrome after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. European Journal of Neurology. 2020. doi:10.1111/ene.14383
26. Geleris J, Sun Y, Platt J, Zucker J, Baldwin M, Hripcsak G, et al. Observational study of Hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020. Available online on May 7, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2012410.
27. Metlay JP, Waterer GW, Long AC, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: an official clinical practice guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Disease Society of America. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;200(7):e45-e67. doi:10.1164/rccm.201908-1581ST
28. Zhang G, Zhang J, Wang B, Zhu X, Wang Q, Qiu S. Analysis of clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of 95 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a retrospective analysis. 2020. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-17712/v1
29. Romero-Sánchez CM, Díaz-Maroto I, Fernández-Díaz E, et al. Neurologic manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: The ALBACOVID registry. Neurology. 2020. doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000009937
30. Jin M, Tong Q. Rhabdomyolysis as Potential Late Complication Associated with COVID-19. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2020;26(7):1618-1620. doi:10.3201/eid2607.200445
31. Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, et al.: Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N.Engl J Med. 2020, 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.
32. Gummi RR, Kukulka NA, Deroche CB, Govindarajan R. Factors associated with acute exacerbations of myasthenia gravis. Muscle & Nerve. 2019;60(6):693-699. doi:10.1002/mus.26689
33. Gilhus NE, Romi F, Hong Y, Skeie GO. Myasthenia gravis and infectious disease. J Neurol. 2018;265(6):1251-1258. doi:10.1007/s00415-018-8751-9
34. Jacob S, Muppidi S, Guidon A, et al. Guidance for the management of myasthenia gravis (MG) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 2020;412:116803. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2020.116803
35. Anand P, Slama MCC, Kaku M, et al. COVID ‐19 in patients with myasthenia gravis. Muscle & Nerve. 2020. doi:10.1002/mus.26918
36. Zhao K, Huang J, Dai D, Feng Y, Liu L, Nie S. Acute myelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report. 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.03.16.20035105
37. Munz M, Wessendorf S, Koretsis G, et al. Acute transverse myelitis after COVID-19 pneumonia. Journal of Neurology. 2020. doi:10.1007/s00415-020-09934-w
38. Manji H, Carr AS, Brownlee WJ, Lunn MP. Neurology in the time of COVID-19. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2020;91(6):568-570. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2020-323414
39. Solé G, Salort-Campana E, Pereon Y, et al. Guidance for the care of neuromuscular patients during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak from the French Rare Health Care for Neuromuscular Diseases Network. Revue Neurologique. 2020;176(6):507-515. doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2020.04.004
40. Montalvan V, Lee J, Bueso T, Toledo JD, Rivas K. Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections: A systematic review. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2020;194:105921. doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.105921
41. Dalakas MC. Guillain-Barré syndrome: The first documented COVID-19–triggered autoimmune neurologic disease. Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation. 2020;7(5). doi:10.1212/nxi.0000000000000781
42. Delly F, Syed MJ, Lisak RP, Zutshi D. Myasthenic crisis in COVID-19. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 2020;414:116888. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2020.116888
43. Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis ML, Lely AT, Navis G, van Goor H. Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus: a first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol. 2004;203(2):631-637. doi:10.1002/path.1570
44. Ramaswamy SB, Govindarajan R. COVID-19 in Refractory Myasthenia Gravis- A Case Report of Successful Outcome. Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases. 2020;7(3):361-364. doi:10.3233/jnd-200520
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Pike-Lee, T., Li, Y., & Wolfe, G. (2020). Neuromuscular Complications in COVID-19: A Review of the Literature. RRNMF Neuromuscular Journal, 1(3), 13-21. https://doi.org/10.17161/rrnmf.v1i3.13816
